Decorated Ocher
Paleolithic Period

Blombos Cave, Southern Cape Coast, South Africa

- earliest artifact found

- used to decorate bodies or as ornaments

Lion-Human

Paleolithic Period

Germany

- male with feline head

- shows complex thinking and imagination

Woman from Willendorf

Paleolithic Period

Austria

- expresses fertility and health

- found in graves

Chauvet Wall Painting (with Horses, Rhinoceroses, and Aurochs)

Paleolithic Period

France

- oldest prehistoric painting

Hall of Bulls

Paleolithic Period

Lascaux Cave, France

- depicts stories

- closed to public due to contamination

Bison

Paleolithic Period

France

- very high relief

- emphasis on broad masses

Neolithic Tomb

Neolithic Period

Newgrange, Ireland

- 3 part chamber megalith

Stonehedge

Neolithic Period

Salisbury Plain, England

- summer solstice aligns with center

- started as a cemetary of cremation burials

Uruk Vase/Carved Vessel

Near East: Sumerian

Uruk

- first narrative relief

- goddess Inanna (love, fertility, warfare) on top register

Twelve Votive Figures

Near East: Sumerian

Eshunna

- images of worshippers to appease gods

The Great Lyre with Bull's Head

Near East: Sumerian

- depicts man controlling bulls, bulls mimicing human activities

Nanna Ziggurat

Near East: Sumerian

Ur

- reconstructed by Husein

- dedicated to moon god Nanna/Sin

Head of Man (Known as an Akkadian Ruler)

Near East: Akkadian

Nineveh

- holocasting

- thought to be Sargon

Stele of Naram-Sin

Near East: Akkadian

Susa

- presents ruler as deity, horned headress

Stele of Hammurabi

Near East: Babylonian

Sippar or Susa

- Hammurabi praying to Shamash (sun god, justice)

- relief, code of justice

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions

Near East: Assyrian

Kalhu

- marks shift of dramatic and emotional depiction

Guardian Figures

Near East: Assyrian

Sargon II Citadel, Khorsabad, Iraq

 - ruler's face on lamassu

- on stone gates at palace entrance

Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall

Near East: Neo-Babylonian

Babylon, Iraq

- commissioned by Nebuchadnezzar II

Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall (deity animals)

- top left: Ishtar = lion = wisdom, sexuality

- right: Marduk = snake head/scorpion tail/eagle and lion legs (dragon) = patron of Babylon

- bottom left: Adad = auroch (bull) = weather god

Palette of Narmer

Early Dynastic Period

Temple of Horus, Hierankonpolis

- unification of Egypt, new growth

- recessed area for kohl

Step Pyramid

Early Dynastic

Djoser, Saqqara

- designed by prime minister, Imhotep

- earliest piece of architecture

- staircase to sun god, Ra

Elements of Architecture: Mastaba to Pyramid

Old Kingdom

Great Pyramids of Giza

Old Kingdom

Giza, West of Nile

- follows sun's E/W (rising/falling) path

- Khufu (largest), Khafre, Menkaure (smallest)

Khafre

Old Kingdom

Khafre Temple, Giza

- Horus on back (protection) and lions (authority) on legs

- lotus and papyrus (power of U/L Egypt)

Menkaure and a Queen

Old Kingdom

Giza

- high relief

- queen is probably Khamerernebty II

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt

Old Kingdom

Tomb of Ti, Saqqara

- Ti is a government official

Reconstruction Drawing of Great Temple of Amun at Karnak

New Kingdom

Temple of Amun, Karnak

- center of temple used as sanctuary

Columns with Papyriform and Bud Capitals from Hypostyle Hall

New Kingdom

Great Temple of Amun

Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom

Deir el-Bahri

- statue of Amon brought yearly for worship

Colossal Figure of Akhenaten

New Kingdom

Gempaaten Temple

- doesn't fit canon of proportion

- androgenous

Akhenaten and His Family

New Kingdom

Aketaten

- wife Nefertiti, 3 daughters

- sunken relief

Nefertiti

New Kingdom

Akhetaten

- inlaid eyes

Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun

New Kingdom

Tutankhamun's Tomb, Valley of Kings

- inscribed with protection spells

- son of Akhenaten

Inner Coffin from Tutankhamun's Sarcophagus

New Kingdom

Tutankhamun's Tomb, Valley of Kings

- gods on coffin for afterlife protection

The Rosetta Stone

New Kingdom

Rosetta Delta

- decree issued by priest honoring Ptolemy V

- inscribed in Greek, hieroglyphics, and demotic

Figure of a Woman

Cycladic

Cyclades

- found buried with the dead

Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers

Minoan

Akrotiri, Thera

- flower valued for yellow pigment and medicinal use

- fresco, found in home

Bull Leaping

Minoan

Knossos, Crete

- darker skin = male, white skin = female

- fresco, initiation of fertility ritual

Landscape Spring Fresco

Minoan

Akrotiri, Thera

- first pure landscape art

Bull's Head Rhyton

Minoan

Knossos, Crete

- liquid travels from neck to mouth

Lion Gate

Mycenaean

Mycenae, Greece

- Minoan columns, bulbous capitals

- first monument on Greek mainland

- post and lintel, corbelling, high relief

Mask of Agamemnon

Mycenaean

Shaft Grave, Grave Circle A, Mycenae, Greece

- authenticity of mask in question

Corbel Vault, Interior of Tholos, the So-Called Treasury of Aterus

Mycenaean

Greece

- marks achievement of largest vaulted space with no interior support

- covered with Earth, relieving arch

Funerary Krater

Geometric Style

Dipylon Cemetary, Athens

- record of funeral rituals whose death is commemorated in work

Temple of Aphaia

Archaic Period

Aegina

- doric

- 6 and 12 columns on sides

Metropolitan Kourous

Archaic Period

Attica, Greece

- nearly always nude

- grave markings, entrances

Berlin Kore

Archaic Period

Keratea Cemetary near Athens, Greece

- never nude

- pomegrante represents Persephone

Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game

c. 540 - 530 BCE

Archaic Period

Exekias, Athenian artist

- amphora, black figure

- narrative episode of Trojan War

Kritios Boy

c. 475 BCE

Early Classical Period

Akropolis, Athens

- contrapposto

- inlaid eyes

Riace Warrior

c. 460 - 450 BCE

Early Classical Period

In the sea by Riace, Italy

- contrapposto, lost wax process

- "perfected anatomy"

Doryphoros, Spear Bearer

c. 450 - 440 BCE

High Classical Period

Polykleitos, sculptor

- Roman copy of original

- contrapposto, canon of proportion

Kallikrates and Iktinos: The Parthenon

c. 447 - 432 BCE

High Classical Period

Akropolis, Athens

- commissioned by Perikles

- doric and ionic

Lapith Fighting a Centaur

c. 447 - 432 BCE

High Classical Period

Doric frieze, Parthenon

- metope relief

- symmetria

Young Women and Men

c. 447 - 432 BCE

High Classical Period

East Ionic frieze, Parthenon

- ideal inhabitants of city state