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| A semicircular wall area, framed by an arch over a door or window |
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| An underground cemetery consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms called cubicula |
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| Of a standing figure represented praying with outstretched and upraised arms |
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| The central space of a church, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles |
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| A large semicircular or polygonal recess on an end wall of a building. In a Christian church, it often contains the altar |
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| Passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels the main space, usually on both sides |
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| the open courtyard in front of a Christian church; or an entrance area in modern architecture. |
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| The vestibule or entrance porch of a church |
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| The arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave |
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| In a basilica, the topmost zone of a wall with windows, extending above the aisle roofs. Provides direct light into the nave |
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| The passage around the apse in a church, especially a basilica, or around the central space in a central-plan building |
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| The concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome. |
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| An arch or lintel built across the upper corners of a square space, allowing a circular or polygonal dome to be securely set above the walls. |
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| The part of a church reserved for the clergy, monks, or nuns, either between the transept crossing and the apse or extending farther into the nave; separated from the rest of the church by screens or walls and fitted with stalls (seats). |
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| A hand-written book or document. |
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| a person who copies out documents |
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| A room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts. |
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| Light encircling, or emanating from, the entire figure of a sacred person. |
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| The banning and/or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art |
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| An image representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine (later the Orthodox) Church. Icons are venerated by the faithful, who believe their prayers are transmitted through them to God. |
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| a destroyer of images used in religious worship |
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| From the Greek for “lover of images.” In periods of iconoclasm, iconophiles advocate the continued use of sacred images. |
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Mother of God (used in the Eastern Orthodox Church as a title of the Virgin Mary)
"virgin mother of god" |
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a title of Christ represented as the ruler of the universe, especially in Byzantine church decoration
"ruler of all" |
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| Two panels of equal size (usually decorated with paintings or reliefs) hinged together. |
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| An artwork made up of three panels. The panels may be hinged together in such a way that the side segments (wings) fold over the central area. |
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| In Jewish and Christian scripture, a book of the Psalms (songs) attributed to King David. |
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| the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad |
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| marks direction to which muslims pray, a place where muslims take a pilgrimage to |
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| Handwriting as an art form. |
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| An ornamental, angular Arabic script. |
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| European term for a type of linear surface decoration based on foliage and calligraphic forms, thought by Europeans to be typical of Islamic art and usually characterized by flowing lines and swirling shapes. |
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| a Muslim place of worship. |
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| The mosque wall oriented toward Mecca; indicated by the mihrab. |
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| a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray. |
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| A high platform or pulpit in a mosque. |
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| An arch of more than a half-circle; typical of western Islamic architecture.Built from wedge-shaped stone blocks called voussoirs placed together and held at the top by a trapezoidal keystone. |
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| A tower on or near a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer five times a day. |
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| a large room with columns |
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| a college for Islamic instruction. |
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| a stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal and used as a durable writing surface in ancient and medieval times. |
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| A fine animal skin prepared for writing and painting. See also parchment. |
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| decoration as initials, borders, and miniature illustrations |
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| Decoration made of interwoven animals or serpents, often found in early medieval Northern European art. |
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| bands or portions of other motifs are looped, braided, and knotted in complex geometric patterns, often to fill a space. |
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| page of mainly geometrical ornamentation, which may include repeated animal forms, characteristic feature of Insular illuminated manuscripts |
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| The monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church |
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| characterised by thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches known as a Lombard band |
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| Venerated object or body part associated with a holy figure, such as a saint, and usually housed in a reliquary. |
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| A container, often elaborate and made of precious materials, used as a repository for sacred relics. |
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| Light encircling, or emanating from, the entire figure of a sacred person. |
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| A sculpted block that tops a column displaying a figural composition and/or narrative scenes. |
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| Stitches applied in a decorative pattern on top of an already-woven fabric ground. |
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| also forms a transverse arch |
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| A unit of space defined by architectural elements such as columns, piers, and walls. between transverse arches |
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| ceiling or roof consisting of a series of semicylindrical arches |
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| intersection of two barrel vaults- transfers weight from naves to outer walls |
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| arched diagonal ribs divide the vaults surface into panels |
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| The passage (walkway) around the apse in a church, especially a basilica, or around the central space in a central-plan building. |
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| projecting chapels arranged radially around the ambulatory, places for pilgrims |
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| An arch that connects the wall piers on both sides of an interior space, up and over a stone vault. |
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| In church architecture, the use of alternating wall supports in the nave, usually piers and columns or compound piers of alternating - form. |
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| A turretlike structure situated on a roof, vault, or dome, with windows that allow light into the space below. |
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| the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic. |
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| A band of molding framing an arch, or a series of stone blocks that form an arch resting directly on flanking columns or piers. |
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| In architecture, the vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall, and supporting an arch or lintel. |
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| A column, pier, or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway, supporting the lintel. |
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