Matthias Grünewald, Isenheim Altarpiece (1510-15)

16th century

(Northern Europe Renaissance)

In a German hospital for people with plauges/skin diseases.

Plauge Saints shown

When the altarpiece is closed-crucifixion, lamentation below it on the predella

When the altarpiece is closed- events of great joy: Anunciation, Nativity, and Resurrection for sundays and feastdays

Lucas Cranach-"Nymph of the Spring" (1537)

(Northern Europe Renaissance)

16th century

jewelry and transparent veil enhances nudity

turns nymph into provacative young woman

Albrecht Durer-"Self Portrait"(1500ish)

16th Century

(Northern European Renaissance)

Christ like portrayal, gained wealth from painting

as confident as Michelangelo

foremost painter of German Renaissance

Jon Gossart-"St. Luke Painting the Virgin Mary" (1520)

16th century

(Northern European Renaissance)

The virgin and child are in clouds, symbolizing it is from a vision he could have had, also that he isn't looking at them

Moses holds the tablets of the law

shoes off

Carerina Van Hemessen "Self Portrait"(1548)

16th century

(Northern European Renaisance)

says "I painted myself in 1548 at age 20"

Women artists were pretty rare

wearing expensive clothes to paint, wants to show her status as an artist and that fact that she is a successful artist.

Bernini-"David" (1623)

(Italian Baroque)

Baroque Art in Italy

Displays movement(Not static)

Theatrical

more mature David: muscal tensions, action, determination

interaction with statue: look at the body from all different angles

Bernini-"Apollo and Dauphne" (1622)

(Italian Baroque)

Movement, When walking around the statue you get a sense of the story unfolding as she becomes a tree

intended to be seen from the back first

fails to tell the story unless you interact with it

Bernini-"St. Teresa of Avila in Excstasy" (1642)

Located in Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome

(Italian Baroque)

St. Teresa was known for her mystical visions

angel pierced her body repeatedly with arrow, taking her to place of pain, religious ectasy and sense of oneness with God

Saint describing encounter that is in sexual terms (moaning, head thrownback)

Borromini- Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, in Rome. (1665)

(Italian Baroque)

Fountains, Curves, stairs look almost like they are like flowing lava

movement but it is balances

torks/twists-Baroque characteristic

takes renaissance and exaggerates it

Caravaggio-"Bacchus" (1595)

(Italian Baroque)

chiaroscuro-Italian for light/dark dramatic contrast

God of Wine/drunkenness/goodtimes

theatrical (makeup/costume)

reaching out wine glass/interaction with viewer

drinking/taking off clothes

party hard or do the exact opposite?

Caravaggio- "Calling of St. Matthew"(1599)

Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi de Francesi, Rome

(Italian Baroque)

we should all be followers of christ like Matthew

can't decide on who Matthew is

hand (Creation of Adam)

Annibale Carracci- Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne "ceiling of Palazzo Farnese"(late 1500's)

(Italian Baroque)

Located in Rome

hired by Cardinal to paint rooms in palace

paint scenes based on Ovid's Metamorpheses to celebrate wedding

primary image in center is The Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne

illusionistic devices to create multiple levels of reality

"Quadro riportato" framed image

Pietro da Cortona- "Glorification of the Papacy of Urban VIII"(1633)

(Italian Baroque)

quadratura/"di sotto in su"=looking from below, gives illusion of extension of space

Roman god/goddesses scenes from mythology

3 bumblebees=symbols of Barberini family

crown=papacy

crown of stars=immortality

El Greco, "Burial of the Count of Orgaz" (1586)

(Spanish Baroque)

Located in the church of Santo Tomé, Toledo Spain

Angel transporting his soul to heaven

commissioned by Orgaz family

filled space with portraits of local aristocracy and religious notables

used Mannerist devices reminiscent of Pontormo

distinguished between heaven and earth by light emanating from Christ

Jusepe de Ribera- "Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew"(1634)

 (Spanish Baroque)

Spotlight effect, The saint was skinned alive

resembles Caravaggio's style-intensely realistic faces, dramatic light of tenebrism

Catholic Church trying to draw people back, commissioned portrayals of heroic martyrs

captures horror of violence to come and emphasizes the saint's spirituality and acceptance

Bartholomew looks heavenward

figures in foreground space heightens sense of being witness to the scene

Juan Sanchez Cotan-"Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber" (1602)

(Spanish Baroque)

Math and geometry underlying order for everything

Suggesting a relatioship betwee math and the divine

fruits and vegetables appear within cantarero (primitive larder)

spatial ambiguity, contemplative sensibility and interest in the qualities of objects.

Diego Velazquez, "Water Carrier of Seville"(1619)

(Spanish Baroque)

Passing of life/wisdom from old to young

water=baptism

glass looks like chalice (communion)

arranged elements in painting in mathematical rigor

Diego Velazquez, "Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)(1656)

(Spanish Baroque)

Most Written about piece of art EVER

Idea of capturing a moment in a event

Places Viewer in the scene in the spot with the King and Queen

artist present

mirorr (Jan Van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife)

Peter Paul Rubens, Raising of the Cross

Church of St. Walpurga, Antwerp, Belgium 1610-11

[Northern European Baroque]

drama and intense emotion like Caravaggio

Emphasis on Movement/Action

dramatic lighting

3 panels merge into one

Rubens, "The Garden of Love" (1632)

(Northern European Baroque)

Rubens Dancing on the left with his new bride

Around this time artists began painting without comissions

recall Italian Mannerism

love and fertility

Hendrick ter Brugghen, "St. Sebastian Tended by St. Irene" (1625)

(Northern European Baroque)

Very Visually Dynamic

Example of Caravaggism-Phenomenon of being influenced by Caravaggio& Caravagisti-Focusing on Light and dark

tenebrism/dramatic lighting

divine light

Georges de La Tour, "Mary Magdalen with the Smoking Flame" (1640)

(Northern European Baroque)

Scandalous Exposed Shoulders

Contemplative: go to heaven or not?

skull=mortality

somber mood, lighting

woman living in sin, finds God.

Frans Hals, Officers of the Haarlem Militia Company of St. Adrian (1627)

(Northern European Baroque)

Dutch Republic

New dynamic portrait

 gazes are criss crossing moves eye from one face to the next

Rembrandt, "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" (1632) 

(Northern Euro Baroque)

-Dutch, important Amsterdam painter

Invites the viewer to participate in the scene

dramatic narrative event

Caravaggio's tenebrist technique

diagonal cuts across to book in corner

all looking different places

Rembrandt, "The Night Watch" (1642)

(Northern Euro Baroque)

-Dutch

commissioned for guild company new meeting hall

Not actually depicting a night scene

prepping for a parade

colorful but unnecessar figures

greatest group portrait of Dutch tradition

Rembrandt-"Self Portrait" (1658)

(Northern European Baroque)

Impasto- Pasty like quality to the painting

Wearing clothes that symbolize power/wealth but his face seems to be rather weary.

fame/wealth early in life, died poor, knew best days were behind him.

Vermeer, "View of Delft" (1662)

(Northern European Baroque)

-Dutch

interested on the shadows and light

painted buildings in locations different from where they actually are

ideal composition

city of timeless stability-horizontal lines, quiet atmosphere

camera obscura

Vermeer, "Woman Holding a Balance" (1664)

(Northern Euro Baroque)

-Dutch

more typical of artist

Possible use of Camera Obscurra-Reflected the 3-d view and made it 2-D

balance-act of weighing and judging

wall-paint of Last Judgemen

eternal judgement

artist: Catholic living in Protestant country

 vanity: gold and pearls

need to lead balanced life

orthonogonal lines to vanishing point meet @ womans finger

balance=justice

blue robe=virgin mary

Johann Balthasar Neumann, "Church of the Vierzehnheiligen" (1743)

(Rococo)

& Grand Tour

 "14 Auxiliary saints" "Holy Helpers"

airy lightness, no flat walls

-sense of spiritual uplift

-ornamentation

-emphasize sense of movement (Rococo)

churches=little pods of heaven

Natural Organic Shapes

Almost like an exagerated Baroque

Trying to eliminate straigt lines

Germain Boffrand, "Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise", Paris (1732)

(Rococo)

Glass, mirrors and gold all show wealth

intimate, fashionable, intellectual gatherings

arabesques (flowing lines, swirls)

urban lifestyle

symmetry

opulence

Jean-Honore Fragonard, "The Swing" (1776)

(Rococo)

Comissioned work by a baron to paint his mistress

aristocratic clientele

sculpture of Cupid

anticipation/desire with sense of humor

Canaletto, "The Doge’s Palace and the Riva degli Schiavoni" (1730's)

Rococo

The Grand Tour

 souviner of Venice

veduta/"view"-natural rendering of famous views/buildings

camera obscura

idealized view that seems realistic

Giovanni Battista Piranesi, View of the Pantheon, Rome (1756)

(Rococo)

The Grand Tour

Prints, easier to sell and distrubute , more affordable

breathing life into images by creating grand, monumental scene

letters on print-key at bottom to describe parts of print

David, Oath of the Horatii

Neo-Classism

stoicism, masculinity, patriotism

contrast of upright angles of men vs. limp weeping women

bolder colors

geometrically simpler than Rococo, reaction against it

improve public morals

ancient Rome

Caravaggio-color/shadow

Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters 

etching from Los Caprichos, 1799

[Romanticism]

work criticized court he was in

aimed at ordinary people which he identified

torn between position as court painter and passion for more open spain

state of chaos-allegory for what his personal state is

reason taking back seat to chaos

Goya, Third of May

Romanticism

victims defenseless/frightened

french=faceless executioners

victim in white=christlike

warn people to never do it again

fluid painting-emotional state of painter

David, Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard

 Neo-Classism

glorification of Napoleon

horses mane, eyes, cape=energy, impulse, power

Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People

 Romanticism

important romantic painter in Paris

presents event as emotionally charge moment, passion, turmoil, danger

moment before ultimate sacrifice

patriotism

women idea of liberty-not actual person

people represent all aspects of society

Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Triumph of the Name Jesus, ceiling, Church of Il Gesù, Rome, 1672-85

[Italian Baroque]

most spectacular of all illusionistic Baroque ceilings

fusing architecture, sculpture and painting

 illusion of clouds and angels have floated down

subject:last judgement

extension of work into nave space, appeal to viewers emotion, unity of visual effect

Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1598-99

[Italian Baroque]

Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1612-13

[Italian Baroque]