Nathaniel Jocelyn Cinque 1839

• cinque led rebellion on triangular trade ship
• he ended up in long island and the supreme court ruled that he was free
• jocelyn used the greek toga to heighten respect for cinque, as well as a sense of him being noble

Robert S Duncanson Uncle Tom and Little Eva 1853

• the central characters in Uncle Toms Cabin
• patterned after Billings engraving from the book
• girl gestures upward to god, which indicates religion and her impending death

John Rogers Slave Auction 1859 plaster

• white auctioneer with upset slave family
• it did not sell well
• it shows that slavery is an affront to dignity and that african americans won't accept it

Winslow Homer The Bright Side 1865

• it had favorable critical and popular reviews
• allows for stereotypes of laziness and humor
• bright side of the tent, but also the bright side of the situation, referring to the fact that theyre not slaves

Winslow Homer Prisoners From the Front 1866

• Confederate soldiers dont bow down in submission
• critics had a hard time categorizing it
• unrecognizable confederate soldiers meant that it was about the war, not about the event

Winslow Homer A Visit From the Old Mistress 1876

• enclosed claustrophobic space, it is intimate between the women
• ambivalent as to victor vs vanquished
• close proximity suggests either understanding or harm

Hiram Powers The Greek Slave 1846 marble

• contrasts to Zenobia in Chains
• well known and popular sculpture
• depicts the woman nude as an allegory, but criticized for being prurient  

Edmonia Lewis Forever Free 1867 marble

• emotional impact of Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation
• still have manacles to indicate ongoing struggle
• look up acknowledging higher power

Edmonia Lewis Old Indian Arrowmaker and His Daughter 1872 marble

• addresses her Native American heritage
• daughters facial features are europeanized
• both figures gaze outward

Henry Ossawa Tanner The Banjo Lesson 1893

• passing on knowledge to the younger generation
• educating the art viewing public with the painting
• speaks to education of tanner as a painter
• intensely absorbed in task at hand
• lighting inspired by Rembrandt

John Everett Millais Christ in the House of His Parents 1850

• working class family everyday life
• Millais observed an actual woodshop- shavings and tools
• tools:crucifixion, ladder: deposition, water: baptism, dove:holy spirit

William Holman Hunt The Awakening Conscience 1853

• moral and material degeneracy
• woman wants to escape sinful life
• victorian room decoration: bric a brac

Ford Madox Brown Work 1852-65

• work as the cure for social unrest
• actual street in london
• digging a trench for hygiene, laying pipes

Gustave Courbet The Stonebreakers 1850

• attack on the technical foundations of bourgeois art
• first monumental stonebreaking painting monumental peasants
• destroyed in WWII

Gustave Courbet A Burial at Ornans 1849

• canvas was almost 22 feet long
• crowd is broken into groups women clergy bourgeois
• includes many people from Courbets hometown

Gustave Courbet Peasants of Flagey Returning from the Fair 1849

• repetition of color and tonality-tonal simplicity
• disregards cultural and physiognomic particulars
• motley group of people returning from fair

Gustave Courbet The Studio of the Painter A Real Allegory Summing up Seven Years of my Artistic Life 1854-55

• includes his various artistic and bohemian friends on right
• people misery poverty wealth the exploited and the exploiters on left
• denied from exhibition

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre Boulevard du Temple Paris c 1838 daguerreotype

• man having shoes polished is the only one who shows up bc long exposure
• year before he announced his invention
• probably the first people to be photographed

William Henry Fox Talbot The Open Door 1843 calotype

• salted paper print from calotype negative
• from Pencil of Nature first photo illustrated book
• referenced compostion and lighting of dutch genre painting

Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Hawes Portrait of Albert Sands Southworth 1848

• rejected deadpan format
• expressive portraits
• making pic not taking pic

Nadar Sarah Bernhardt 1860

• she was an internationally acclaimed actress
• timelessness because no clothes
• uses column more prop than he usually uses

Oscar Gustav Rejlander The Two Ways of Life 1857 combination albumen print

• composed of some 30 negatives
• loosely based on raphael school of athens
• competing with allegorical painting

Henry Peach Robinson Fading Away 1858 combination albumen print

• made from 5 negatives
• shows how near death a girl could look (she was actually healthy)
• Prince Albert bought it

Julia Margaret Cameron The Whisper of the Muse 1865 albumen

• the children are inspiring the man playing violin
• deliberately blurred artistic
• large head prints

Alfred Stieglitz The Terminal 1893

• photogravure
• pastoralized city
• represents his feelings of alienation following return to america from germany

Adolf Von Menzel Iron Rolling Mill 1872-75

• moving away from anecdotal
• sweaty intense labor poweful machines
• ordinary people at grand scale

Odoardo Borrani The 26th of April,1859 1861

• small domestic intimist
• macchia-luminous patches of color
• sharp tonal contrasts

Rafaello Sernesi Roofs in Sunlight 1860-61 oil on cardboard

• it is extremely tiny
• chiaroscuro
• Academy said it needed to be finished

Gustave Moreau Oedipus and the Sphinx 1864

• psychic and spatial claustrophobia
• sexual terror
• he is intimidated and trying not to show it

Rosa Bonheur The Horse Fair 1853

• Ruskin thought she was bad at painting faces
• Humans are reduced to appendages beside the horses
• beacuse she worked with animals like the horses, she had a permit to wear mens clothes. also because she was a lesbian icon

Ilya Repin Barge Haulers on the Volga 1873

• poor laborers pulling boat to shore
• diagonal composition
• labor of marginalized lumpen mass