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| Reclining couple on a sarcophagus from Cerveteri, c. 500 BCE. Etruscan |
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| Aulus Metellus, c.80 BCE. Etruscan/Roman |
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| Tuscan Order; classical order similar to Roman Doric but having columns with an unfluted shaft and a simplified base, capital, and entablature. |
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| Pont du Gard, Nimes, France. Late 1st century BCE. Roman Republic and Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
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| Garden Scene, from the Villa of Livia at Primaporta, late 1st century BCE. Roman Republic and Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
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| Denarius with portrait of Julius Caesar, 40 BCE Roman Republic and Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
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| Portrait of Augustus of Prima Porta, c. 20 BCE After the end of the Roman Republic |
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| Ara Pacis Augustae, 13 BCE. Art under the Emperors |
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| Round Arch; an arch formed in a continuous curve; characteristic of Roman architecture |
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| engaged column; a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached |
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| Triumphal Arch; a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road. In its simplest form, it consists of two massive piers connected by an arch, crowned with a flat entablature or attic on which a statue might be mounted or which bears commemorative inscriptions |
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| Portrait of Constantine the Great. (Previously Portrait of Maxentius) Late antiquity beginning with reign of Constantine c.300 CE |
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| Wall with Torah Niche, Dura-Europos, Syria, 200 CE. Late antiquity beginning with reign of Constantine |
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| Transept, (in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave |
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| Apse, the semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church. In relation to church architecture it is generally the name given to where the altar is placed or where the clergy are seated. |
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| Nave, the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. |
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| The Flavian Amphitheater (The Colosseum). 70 CE. Art Under Roman Emporers |
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| Clerestory, the upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large church, containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building |
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| Ambulatory, continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave (central part of the church) around the apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the church) or chancel (east end of the church where the main altar stands) to form a continuous processional way |
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| Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c. 300 CE, Late Antique Rome |
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| Mosaics of Justinian and Theodora with attendants, in San Vitale, Ravenna. C. 500 CE. Byzantine |
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| Church of Hagia Sophia, designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus for the Emperor Justinian, in Constantinople. 500 CE. Byzantine. |
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| Pendentive; a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches |
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| The Oseberg Ship, Oseberg, Norway, c. 800 CE Early Medieval Europe |
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| Page with Man from the Book of Durrow, c. 600 CE Early Medieval Europe |
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| Chi-Rho page from the Book of Kells, c. 800 CE Early Medieval Europe |
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| stave church; medieval wooden Christian church building once common in north-western Europe. The name derives from the buildings' structure of post and lintel construction, a type of timber framing where the load-bearing ore-pine posts are called stafr in Old Norse |
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| Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy, Conques, France. Mostly late 9th or early 10th century. Romanesque |
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| Christ and Disciples on the Road to Emmaus, cloister pier relief from Santo Domingo, Silos, Spain. C. 1100 CE. Romanesque |
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| The Bayeux Embroidery, c. 1000 CE. Romanesque |
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| historiated or figured capital: A capital which is decorated with figures of animals, birds, or humans, used either alone or combined with foliage |
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| Tracery; ornamental stone openwork, typically in the upper part of a Gothic window |
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| Rose Window, a circular window with mullions or tracery radiating in a form suggestive of a rose |
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| Lancet Window, a high and narrow window with an acutely pointed head |
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| Flying Buttress, a buttress slanting from a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports |
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| Good Samaritan Window, Chartres Cathedral, c. 1200 CE Gothic |
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| Upper Chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris. 1200 CE Gothic |
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Virgin and Child (“Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux”), dedicated by Jeanne d’Evreux to the
abbey church of Saint-Denis, c. 1300 CE Gothic |
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| altarpiece; a work of art, especially a painting on wood, set above and behind an altar. |
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| Ivory chest with scenes from Courtly Romances, c. 1300 CE, Paris, France. 14th century |
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| Giotto, Scrovegni Chapel (Arena Chapel), Padua, Italy. 1300 CE. Early Renaissance or Italian Gothic |
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| Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Fresco Series of the Sala Della Pace in the Palazzo Pubblico, (Allegory of Good Government, Effects of Good Government in the City and Countryside, Allegory of Bad Government, Effects of Bad Government in the City) Siena, Italy. 1300 CE |
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