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Art History 488
Midterm!
183
Art History
Undergraduate 4
09/27/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anton von Werner
Definition
German Painter painted Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles
Term
Max Liebermann
Definition
German Jewish Painter and printmaker and collector of French Impressionist works. 
Term
Albrecht Dürer
Definition
German painter, printmaker, and theorist during the Holy Roman Empire. one of the first European landscape artists through use of watercolor
Term
Colonialism
Definition
building and maintaining of colonies in one nation by people living in another nation.
Term
Primitivism
Definition
belief that life was more moral during early mankind or among primitive peoples and has deteriorated with the rise of civilization.
Term
Paragraph 184
Definition
Nation Penal Code pornography clause
Term
[image]
Definition
Luxe Calme et Volupte. Mattise. 1904-5.
Term
[image]
Definition
Woman w/ a Hat. 1905. Mattise. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Portrait of Mme Matisse (The Green Stripe). 1905. Matisse.
Term
[image]
Definition
The Joy of Life. 1905-6. Matisse.
Term
[image]
Definition
Turning Road, l'Etasque. 1906. Derain.
Term
[image]
Definition
The Bridge (Die Brücke). 1926. Kirchner.
Term
[image]
Definition
Bathers at Moritzburg, 1909. Kirchner
Term
[image]
Definition
Standing Nude with Hat. 1909-10. Kirchner
Term
[image]
Definition
Street, Berlin. 1913. Kirchner
Term
[image]
Definition
Nietzsche, woodblock print. 1905. Heckel
Term
Analytic Cubism
Definition
analyzing and breaking down of natural forms into basic geometric shapes. almost no color was used. usually of people. 
Term
Synthetic cubism
Definition
use of collage techniques and emphasis on textures. first use of collage as a major element in artwork.
Term
collage
Definition
French for glue. formal art. assembled from various textures and forms creating an entirely new form of art.
Term
papier colles
Definition
painting technique where artist pastes flat material onto canvas like a collage, except the shapes are are objects themselves rather than pieces of a whole.
Term
orphism
Definition
focuses on pure abstraction and bright colors. influenced by fauvism. pioneered by the Delauney's.
Term
[image]
Definition
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907. Oil on canvas. Picasso. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard, 1909-10, oil on canvas. Picasso
Term
[image]
Definition
Portait of Kahnweiler, 1910, oil on canvas. Picasso
Term
[image]
Definition
Guitar, Sheet Music, Glass, 1912, paper, gouache, and charcoal paper. Picasso
Term
[image]
Definition
Still Life with Chair Caning
Term
[image]
Definition
Violin and Sheet Music, 1909. Braque
Term
Armory Show, 1913. 
Definition
First European Modernism in USA
Term
Juan Gris
Definition
Friend of Picasso. made portrait of Picasso in 1912. Cubism artist in France. 
Term
Robert Delaunay
Definition
French Orphism artist. Painted Red Eiffel Tower. 
Term
 Neoplasticism
Definition
new plastic art. philosophy for De Stijl artists. 
Term
Theo van Doesburg
Definition
Founder of De Stijl art movement. 
Term
MHJ Schoenmaeker
Definition
mathematician and theosophist who came up with the plastic and philosophical ideas of De Stijl
Term
[image]
Definition
Giacomo Balla, The Street Light. Futurism. 1909
Term
[image]
Definition
Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash. Futurism, 1912. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, Futurism, 1912. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (bronze), 1913, Futurism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Kasimir Malevich, Black Square, 1913, Suprematism.
Term
[image]
Definition
Piet Mondrain, Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow, De Stijl, 1930.
Term
[image]
Definition
Vladimir Tatlin, model: Monument of the Third International. 1919-20(wood, iron, glass) Russian Constructivism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Aleksander Rodchenko, Gather for Demonstration, 1928. Russian Constructivism. 
Term
[image]
Definition

 

Massacio, Trinity, 1428, fresco

Renaissance.

Term
[image]
Definition

Madonna of the Rocks, da Vinci, begun 1483

Renaissance. oil on panel (probably)

Term
[image]
Definition

Jacques Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784

Academic. Oil on canvas.

Term
[image]
Definition

Regnault, Automedon with the Horse of Achilles. 1868.

Academic. oil on canvas.

Term
[image]
Definition

The Stone Breakers. Corbet. 1849, oil on canvas.

Realism.

Term
[image]
Definition
Manet, Dejeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863, oil on canvas. Realism.
Term
Renaissance
Definition
French for "rebirth", a cultural movement that spanned from the 14th century to the 17th century. Began in Florence around the end of the middle ages and spread throughout Europe. the arts, science, learning were crucial changes to name a few.
Term
triangular composition
Definition
signifies strength, power, and and assimilation. 
Term
One-point perspective.
Definition
all definitive lines go to one vanishing point. ex: looking at an object head on and not at its corner allows as to see it in a one-point perspective. 
Term
orthogonal lines
Definition
imaginary lines pointing to the vanishing point. 
Term
atmospheric perspective
Definition
the effect the atmosphere has on an object as it is viewed from a distance. as the distance between the object and viewer increases, the contrast between the object and its background increases. fuzzy less-contrasted backgrounds are a result. 
Term
foreshortening
Definition
the optical trick that perceives an object as shorter than it actually is based on it being angled towards the viewer. 
Term
École des Beaux Arts
Definition
Founded in 1648. Academic Paintings, by French Revolution the École was abolished. 
Term
Salon
Definition

began in 1795. Art exhibition. 1748-1890, considered greatest annual or biannual event in Western world. Walls were adorned with artwork with the best ones closer to the floor and the least desirable towards the top. descending levels: Academic-considered the best and most valued. Involved historic depictions of people.

Portraiture-middle man. Involved portraits of people but wasn't better than academic art.

Landscape- no depiction of people. 

Still-life- depiction of objects as centerpiece. 

 

Caused splinter groups of salons and artists. 

Term
Salon des Refuses
Definition
1863. "Salon of Rejects." a salon for those who were rejected by the official Paris Salon. Sponsored by French government and let public decide what was "good" art. over three thousand rejected paintings. Many if not most were ridiculed. Edouard Manet's "Luncheon" made an appearance was ridiculed as well. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Edouard Manet, Olympia,1865. Precursor to Impressionism. Risque because he used a prostitute to represent Olympia, a goddess. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Fantin-Latour, A Studio in the Battignolle, 1870. Precursor to Impressionism. Depicts Many future impressionist arts. Manet, Monet to name a few.
Term
[image]
Definition
Niepce, View from a Window at Gras. 1826. Photography. (early) 
Term
[image]
Definition

Daguerre. Daguerreotype of a French Street. 1839.

Photography.

Term
[image]
Definition
F.T. Nadar, Sarah Bernhardt. 1864. Photography.
Term
[image]
Definition
Julia Margaret Cameron, Julia Jackson(photo), c. 1867. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Oscar Rejlander. The Two Paths of Life. 1857. Photography
Term
[image]
Definition
Edgar Degas. The False Start. c. 1869-72, oil on canvas. Took elements of photography into consideration of painting such as cropping of the image. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Muybridge. Galloping Horse. 1878. Photography. Movement of the horse slide by slide. 
Term
[image]
Definition

Monet. Impression-Sunrise. 1872. oil on canvas. 

Impressionism. Coined the term. 

Term
[image]
Definition
Monet, The Bodmer Oak, Fontainbleau, 1865. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Sargent, Monet Painting. 1885, oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Money, Haystacks series, 1891. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Monet. Houses of Parliament series. 1903-4. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Monet, Les Grands Boulevards, 1873-74, oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Monet, Gare St-Lazare, Paris series. 1877, oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Monet, Train in the Countryside. 1870. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Monet, The Beach at Sainte-Adresse, 1867. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Renoir, A Luncheon at Bougival, 1880-81. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Renoir, Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Renoir, Bazille at his Eazel, 1867. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Morisot, Hide and Seek, 1873. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
 Morisot, In a Park, 1874. oil on canvas. Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Bazille, Self Portrait, 1865-66, oil on canvas. Impressionism. Killed during Franco-Prussian War. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Pissarro, Landcape in the Vicinity of Louveciennes, 1870. Impressionism. 
Term
en plein air
Definition
"in the open air." used in the act of painting outdoors rather than in the confines of the Academie. 
Term
impasto
Definition
the use of paint in a way that it is applied very thickly on the canvas to the point that it adds texture where brushstrokes are visible. Popular use amongst impressionists. 
Term
camera obscura
Definition
optical devise the projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. Precursor to the invention of photography. 
Term
Napoleon III
Definition
Emperor of early 1850's. military coup. became emperor. First act, rebuild capitol city. bring back luster and power to France. completely transformed capitol with Hausmann. 
Term
Hausmann's Paris. 
Definition
Revamp Paris to appeal to higher status peoples and flush the urbanites out. 
Term
Franco Prussian War- 1870-71.
Definition
French-German War that brought the downfall of Napoleon III and included numerous Impressionist painters enlisting in the French Army to fight. Some Impressionists died. 
Term
The Paris Commune 1871.
Definition
A government that briefly ruled Paris shortly after the Franco-Prussian War. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte,1884-86, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
The Bathers, 1883-84, Post Impressionism.
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh, Self Portrait, 1889, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh. The Potato Eaters. 1885, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh. Sunflowers, 1888. Oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh. The Night Café, 1888, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh, Self Portrait (with Japanese Print), 1889, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
van Gogh, Lullabye: Madame Roulin Rocking a Cradle, 1889, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Gauguin, Self Portrait: Les Miserables, 1888. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Gauguin, The Vision After the Sermon, 1888, Oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Gauguin, The Day of the God, 1894, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Gauguin, Where Do We Come From..., 1897-98, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism.
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, The Boy from L'Estaque, c. 1885, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism.
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, The Bay from l'Estaque, c. 1885. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, Boy in a Red Wastecoat, 1888-95. Post Impressionism. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, The Large Bathers, 1906, Post Impressionism.
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, Still Life with a Basket of Apples, c. 1895, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. series of paintings. became more stylized and simpler in form and color as the paintings progressed. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Cezanne, Mt. St. Victoire. 1902-06, oil on canvas. Post Impressionism. Series of paintings. became more rudimentary in shape and color as they progressed. Simpler form and similar to the still life series. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Utamaro, Beauty with a Fan, c. 1801. Ukiyo-e. More or less pin-up ads for actors and actresses in Japan. Used in packaging and transporting of goods in exporting to other countries
Term
[image]
Definition
Hokusai, Mount Fuji, c. 1827. Ukiyo-e. 
Term
[image]
Definition

Hokusai, The Great Wave of Kanagawa, c. 1831. Ukiyo-e

 

Separate woodblocks with different colors of ink used. 

Term
[image]
Definition
Hiroshige. The Night Snow. 1831-34. Ukiyo-e. Same technique as Hokusai's great wave.
Term
Roger Fry
Definition
coined the term Post Impressionism in 1910. 
Term
pointillism
Definition
pointing with distinct dots of color. "Seurat's Sunday Afternoon" painting is an example. Not to be confused with Mattise's "pointillism" where the image can't be confused with an actual photograph or made out to look like something. 
Term
Edo Period
Definition
Period from 1603-1868 where the Tokugawa Shogunate ran the country. Overran by the Meiji Restoration of 1868.
Term
Tokugawa Shogunate
Definition
1603-1868. Established by Tokugawa Ieyasu, which was run by shoguns of the Tokugawa family. Japan spent over 250 years mostly cut off from the outside world Until Commodore Perry visited in 1852 and then again in 1854 when it was finally opened. Later overthrown by the Meiji Restoration.
Term
Japonisme
Definition
Once Japan became open to the world, Japanese art began to influence the culture of the West. van Gogh, Gauguin and many others were fixated and influenced in some of their works from Japanese wood block prints and styles. IE flatness of color and value. patterns. 
Term
cloisonnism.
Definition
post-impressionist style with use of bold and flat forms separated by use of dark contours. Gauguin utilized this style.
Term
Breton
Definition
Gauguin spent a bit of time in Brittany painting its landscapes and people.
Term
[image]
Definition

Otto Dix

Self Portrait as a Soldier

1914 

World War I

Term
[image]
Definition

Otto Dix

Print cycle War 1923-24

World War I

Term
[image]
Definition

Otto Dix

War (triptych) 1929-32

World War I

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Otto Dix

The Card Players 1920

World War I

Term
[image]
Definition

Kathe Kollwitz

The Parents 1923-24

World War I

Term
[image]
Definition

Kathe Kollwitz

The Mothers 1923-24

World War I

Term
[image]
Definition

Kathe Kollwitz

Never Again War! 1924

World War I

 

Term
World War I, The Great War
Definition

8 million people died

First real mechanized war

war where civilians fought

lost artists to war

Boccioni and Marc

All major art movements lost casualties

Not much art is put out because of trauma

 

Term
The November Group
Definition
named for expressionist groups who gave art in service to society
Term
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
Definition
communists murdered by conservatives in Germany,
Term
Posters
Definition

WWI height of poster design and production

Recruiting poster Britons start, then US

USA Bonds – Boy Scouts

Guilt trip – what did you do in the great war?

Fear poster – destroy mad brute

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Jean Arp

Arranged According to the Laws of Chance 1916-17

DADA-Zurich

Term
[image]
Definition

Sophie Taeuber

Dada Head 1920 (painted wood)

DADA-Zurich

Term
[image]
Definition

George Grosz

War Fever 1914

DADA-Berlin

Term
[image]
Definition

Hannah Höch 

Cut with the Kitchen Knife 1919-20

DADA-Berlin

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain 1917

DADA-New York

Test to see if exhibit would take in any kind of art

Term
[image]
Definition

Marcel Duchamp

In Advance of a Broken Arm 1915

Dada- New York

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Marcel Duchamp

LHOOQ 1919

Dada-New York

Term
[image]
Definition

Marcel Duchamp

The Large Glass 1915-23

Dada- New York

 

Term
Caberet Voltaire
Definition

hang out place

was the name of a nightclub in ZürichSwitzerland. It was founded by Hugo Ball, with his companion Emmy Hennings on February 5, 1916 as a cabaret for artistic and political purposes. Events at the cabaret proved pivotal in the founding of the anarchic art movement known as Dada.

Term
sound poetry (abstract poetry)
Definition
grab random words out of a hat
Term
biomorphism
Definition
Biomorphist art focuses on the power of natural life and uses organic shapes, with shapeless and vaguely spherical hints of the forms of biology. Biomorphism has connections with Surrealism and Art Nouveau.
Term
photomontage
Definition
the process and result of making a composite photograph by cutting and joining a number of other photographs
Term
[image]
Definition

Jean Arp

Head with Three Annoying Objects 1930

Surrealism

Term
[image]
Definition

Jean Arp

Nocturne 1940

Surrealism

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Salvadore Dali

The Persistence of Memory 1931

Surrealism

Term
[image]
Definition

Rene Megritte

The Treachery of Images 1928

Surrealism

Term
[image]
Definition

Hans Bellmer

The Puppet 1934/35

Surrealism

Critique on Women's role in surrealist art in Germany 

Term
[image]
Definition

Meret Oppenheim

Fur Teacup 1936

Surrealism

Term
Andre Breton
Definition

Surrealist revolution, 2 journals, the minotaur

 

Principle founder of Surrealism

Interested in chance and randomness like Dada

Rejection of rational thought

Continuation of Dada, grown up version

Inspired by Sigmund Freud, subconscious

Term
Dada And Surrealism
Definition

Surrealism spurred from DADA

Surrealism= more fun

DADA=anti-everything!

Term
concrete art
Definition
synonym for abstract art, not taking away from anything
Term
assemblage
Definition
is an artistic process in which a three-dimensional artistic composition is made from putting together found objects.
Term
frottage
Definition
In frottage the artist takes a pencil or other drawing tool and makes a "rubbing" over a textured surface. The drawing can be left as is or used as the basis for further refinement. Max Ernst
Term
Peggy Guggenheim, Art of this Centry
Definition

Surrealist Art Exhibition in New York City

 

Term

exquisite corpse

Definition
is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled. Each collaborator adds to a composition in sequence, either by following a rule (e.g. "The adjective noun adverb verb the adjective noun") or by being allowed to see the end of what the previous person contributed. Andre Breton
Term
[image]
Definition

Constantin Brancusi

The Kiss 1907

School of Paris

Term
[image]
Definition

Constantin Brancusi

Sleeping Muse 1909-10

School of Paris

Term
[image]
Definition

Constantin Brancusi

Bird in Space 1932

School of Paris

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Amedeo Modigliani

Self Portrait 1919

School of Paris

Term
[image]
Definition

Amedeo Modigliani

Nude 1917

School of Paris

Term
[image]
Definition

Amedeo Modigliani

Tête 1910-12

School of Paris

recently sold for a lot of money

Term
[image]
Definition

Chaim Soutine 

Carcass of Beef c. 1925

School of Paris

in reference to Rembrandt's "Butchered Ox"

Term
[image]
Definition

Chaim Soutine

Woman in Red 1924-25

School of Paris

Term
[image]
Definition

Pablo Picasso

Woman and Child Near the Seashore 1921

School of Paris

 

Term
Rodin, The Kiss, 1901-04
Definition
Brancusi abstracted, simplified in 1907
 
Term
Rembrandt, Butchered Ox 1655
Definition

Inspired Soutine to recreate image

purchased ox carcass and hired people to keep it clean so that he could get the colors right

even bought buckets of blood when ox blood became old and coagulated and lost its color

Term

Francis Bacon, Figure with Meat, 1954

 

Definition

Inspired by Soutine's Carcass of Beef 

Depicts Pope Innocent X placed in front of two bisected halves of a cow

Term
[image]
Definition

Dorothea Lange

White Angel Breadline 1934

American Realism During the Depression

Term
[image]
Definition

Dorothea Lange

Migrant Mother 1936

American Realism During the Depression

Term
[image]
Definition

Grant Wood

American Gothic 1930

Regionalism

One of the most famous paintings ever

Sister with dentist

something to poke fun at

Term
[image]
Definition

Grant Wood

Stone City, Iowa 1930

Regionalism

Term
[image]
Definition

Grant Wood

Daughters of Revolution 1932

Regionalism

Term
[image]
Definition

Thomas Hart Benton

Ballad of the Jealous Lover of Lone Green Valley 1934

Regionalism

musicians jamming ballad around table, image of farmer killing fiancé in background

Term
[image]
Definition

Thomas Hart Benton

Murals for the New School of Research 1930-31

Regionalism

Tells history from every day perspective

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Ben Shahn

The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti 1931-32

Social Realism

wrongful execution because they were immigrants

blamed for a crime they didn't commit 

scapegoats

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Jacob Lawrence 

Migration of the Negro 1940-41

Social Realism

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Edward Hopper

Night Hawks 1942

American Scene Painting

 

Term
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Definition

Created new jobs and associations as a part of his new deal

 

Art projects created in its wake

pork fat if you will

Term
Works Progress Administration
Definition

largest New Deal Agency

created projects such as new schools

enrichment of the arts and drama, yada yada yada

Term
Diego Rivera
Definition

Mexican artist, known for realistic murals

Communist themes

created a mural for Rockefeller called Man at the Crossroads as a symbolization of mans constant look to the future

was dismantled for Rivera's depiction of Vladimir Lenin

Term
New Deal
Definition
FDR's way of stimulating the economy during the great depression. a focus on creating new jobs and agencies for everyone to join. Included the arts
Term
WWII
Definition

Nazi Propaganda

Linking to Nazi period, Nazis about aestheticising politics, people not thinking, letting things wash over you

Term
Photography
Definition
early photos have aura, not from hand of artist, but from person in photo
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