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ART 31H
This is all the questions and requirements for the midterm....
87
Art History
9th Grade
09/25/2012

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Term
what are the five main reason art is created?
Definition
Aesthetics – Art’s visual appeal, Expression of moral and ethics, Expression of spirituality, Documenting history, To persuade others toward political beliefs
Term
Explain that all artists use a common visual language
Definition
they consists of the elements of art and principals of design.
Term
In art,what is the context of horizontal lines?
Definition
Horizontal,or from side to
side, suggests calmness.
Term
In art, what is the context of vertical lines?
Definition
Vertical,or straight up and down, suggests strength and stability.
Term
In art, what is the context of diagonal lines?
Definition
Diagonal lines convey a feeling of movement. Objects in a diagonal position are unstable. Because they are neither vertical nor horizontal, they are either about to fall or are already in motion.
Term
what are the two dimensions of a shape?
Definition
width and height.
Term
what are the three dimensions of a form?
Definition
width, height, and depth.
Term
Recognize positive and negative shapes in a painting
Definition
Positive space refers to the shapes of objects. Negative space refers to the shapes around objects.
Term
what is the difference between real form and the illusion of form?
Definition
the difference between real and the illusion and is the real 3rd dimension, depth, real form has length and width and depth. things that give the illusion of form only have length and width but give the illusion of depth.
Term
Explain the value of a painting.
Definition
the value of the painting it not just how much it cost but also the light and darkness of the piece.
Term
what are the two most important things about color?
Definition
(1) there is an infinite range, and (2) colors are always interacting with one another
Term
what are two pairs of color complements?
Definition
Blue complements orange.
Green complements red.
Yellow complements violet.
Term
what IS ONE different ways artists create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a painting? SIZE
Definition
•Size. Distant shapes are made smaller;
closer shapes are made larger.
Term
what is one different ways artists create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a painting? PLACEMENT
Definition
•Placement. The shapes within the
work overlap, suggesting that some are
in front of others. Distant shapes are
placed higher in the picture; closer
shapes are placed lower.
Term
what IS one different ways artists create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a painting? DETAIL
Definition
•Detail. Distant shapes are shown with
less detail; closer shapes are shown
with greater detail.
Term
what is one different ways artists create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a painting? COLOR
Definition
•Color. Distant shapes are colored with
hues that are duller and appear bluer
Term
what is one different ways artists create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a painting? LINE
Definition
•Line. The horizontal lines of shapes
(buildings and other objects) are
slanted to make them appear to extend
back into space.
Term
Explain the difference between real texture and implied
Definition
paintings are examples of actual texture,There are many paintings, however, in which the surface is smooth to the touch but the sensation of different textures is suggested by the way the artist painted some
areas.different objects look rough or smooth, they are using a technique known as simulated, or artificial, texture.
Term
Define composition.
Definition
composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art or a photograph, as distinct from the subject of a work. It can also be thought of as the organization of the elements of art according to the principles of art.
Term
List the principles of design?
Definition
balance, emphasis, harmony, variety, gradation, movement, rhythm, and proportion.
Term
Describe the two ways artists create harmony.
Definition
One way is to group things close together. Another way is to make a group of things similar in appearance
Term
Define symmetry.
Definition
Symmetrical balance means a formal
balance in which two halves of a work are identical; one half mirrors the other half. This is the simplest kind
of balance.
Term
Define asymmetry.
Definition
Asymmetrical balance is more informal
and takes into account such qualities as
hue, intensity, and value in addition to size and shape
Term
Define approximate symmetry.
Definition
the use of forms which are similar on either side of a central axis. They may give a feeling of the exactness or equal relationship but are sufficiently varied to prevent visual monotony
Term
Define radial symmetry.
Definition
Radial balance occurs when objects are
positioned around a central point.
Term
paleolithic Art
Definition
Concerned itself with either food (hunting scenes, animal carvings) or fertility by Stone Age peoples, to gain some sort of control over their environment, whether by magic or ritual.
Term
Megaliths
Definition
a large monument created from huge stone slabs. (ex, Easter island arches?)
Term
Post and lintel construction
Definition
a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)
Term
ziggurats
Definition
A steeped mountain made of brick-covered earth
Term
stylus
Definition
a pointed needle tool
Term
cunieform
Definition
writing with wedge-shaped characters
Term
stele
Definition
an inscribed stone pillar
Term
pharoh
Definition
is a title of the rulers of all Ancient Egypt
Term
dynasty
Definition
is a sequence of rulers considered as members of the same family.
Term
sarcophagus
Definition
is a box-like funeral receptacle, most commonly carved in stone, and displayed above ground, though they may also be buried.
Term
Mastaba
Definition
a low, rectangular Egyptian tomb made of mud brick with sloping sides and a flat top, covering a burial chamber.
Term
obelisk
Definition
is a tall, four-sided shaft of stone, usually tapering, that rises to a pyramid point.(ex, Washington monument)
Term
hieroglyphis
Definition
The characters and picture-writing used by the ancient Egyptians.
Term
mural
Definition
A large design or picture, painted directly on the wall of a public building
Term
barrel vault
Definition
A half-round stone ceiling made by placing a series of round arches from front to back. Also known as a tunnel vault.
Term
keystone
Definition
The central and highest top stone in an arch.
Term
Aqueduct
Definition
A channel system that carried water from mountain streams into cities by using gravitational flow.
Term
Basillica
Definition
a type of public building erected to hold large numbers of people.
Term
Apse
Definition
the semicircular area at the end of the nave of a church.
Term
Bath
Definition
Large enclosed Roman structures that contained libraries, lecture rooms, gymnasiums, pools, shops, restaurants, and pleasant walkways.
Term
groin valut
Definition
A vault formed when two barrel vaults meet at right angles
Term
pilasters
Definition
flat, rectangular columns attached to a wall. they may be decorated or used to buttress the wall.
Term
niches
Definition
A recess in a wall
Term
coffers
Definition
an indent panel
Term
nave
Definition
A long, wide, center aisle
Term
triumphal arch
Definition
a heavily decorated arch often consisting of a large central opening and two similar openings, one on each side.
Term
raking cornice
Definition
a sloping element that slants above the horizontal cornice.
Term
cornice
Definition
A horizontal element positioned across the top frieze.
Term
frieze
Definition
a decorative horizontal band running across the upper part of a wall.
Term
Capital
Definition
the top element of a pillar or column
Term
Shaft
Definition
the main weight-bearing portion of a column.
Term
Stlylobate
Definition
The top step of a three-step platform used to support a row of columns
Term
pediment
Definition
a triangular section of the top of a building framed by a cornice, along with a slopping member called a raking cornice.
Term
Entalblature
Definition
the upper portion portion of a classical building that rests on the columns and consists of the lintel, frieze, and cornice.
Term
Colonade
Definition
a line of columns supporting lintels or arches.
Term
column
Definition
an upright post used to bear weight. columns usually consist of a base at the bottom, a shaft, and a capital.
Term
Doric Order
Definition
simple, heavy columns without a base, topped by a broad, plain capital
Term
ionic order
Definition
columns with an elaborate base and a capital carved into double scrolls that look like the horns of a ram.
Term
Corinthain order
Definition
columns with elongated capitals decorated with leaves.
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
a way of sculpting a human figure in a natural pose with the weight of the body balanced on one leg, while the other is free and relaxed.
Term
Renaissance
Definition
a period of great awakening. The word means rebirth.
Term
humanism
Definition
an interest in the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome
Term
linear Perspective
Definition
a graphic system that showed artists how to create the illusion of depth and volume on a flat surface.
Term
Aerial Perspective
Definition
Aerial, or atmospheric, perspective is achieved by using hue, value, and intensity to show distance in a painting
Term
temprea
Definition
a paint made of dry pigments, or colors, which are mixed with a binding material
Term
Gesso
Definition
a mixture of glue and a white pigment, such as plaster, chalk, or white clay.
Term
oil paints
Definition
a mixture of dry pigments with oils, turpentine, and sometimes varnish.
Term
painterly
Definition
a painting technique in which forms are created with patches of color rather than with hard, precise edges
Term
parable
Definition
a story that contains a symbolic message
Term
counter reformation
Definition
an effort by catholic church to lure people back to regain its former power.
Term
baroque art
Definition
an art style characterized by movement, vivid contrast, and emotional intensity
Term
Facade
Definition
the front of a building that accents the entrance and usually prepares the visitor for the architectural style found inside.
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
the arrangement of dramatic contrasts of light and shadow.
Term
Prodigal
Definition
referring to the recklessly wasteful son in the painting by Bartolome Murtillo
Term
Aristocracy
Definition
persons of high rank and privilege
Term
Rococo Art
Definition
an eighteenth-century art style that placed emphasis on portraying the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on grand heroes or plous martyrs.
Term
Satire
Definition
the use of sarcasm or ridicule to expose and denounce vice or folly.
Term
Interpretations are ----A---- drawn from observations and ----B---- facts or evidence about a work of art.
Definition
A.conclusions
B.contextual
Term
Art historians are professional------
Definition
art interpreters
Term
Be able to list the first and last name of at least five different painters introduced in chapters 6–9 and 15–24. Correct spelling is important.
Definition
EX

Fra Angelico

Paolo Uccello

Sandro Botticelli

Leonardo da Vinci

Raphael Sanzio
Term
Know how to locate the vanishing point in linear perspective. Remember The Tribute Money by Masaccio? Just follow the diagonals in the architecture to the point where they all meet or converge.
Definition
http://www.wga.hu/art/m/masaccio/brancacc/tribute/tribute.jpg
Term
Know how to identify ancient Egyptian art. Remember, there were strict rules about how human beings were drawn and painted.
Definition
The correct way to draw Egyptians thousands of years ago was to make sure that every part of the body is shown in the most familiar point of view, they would have the face turned sideways and the body facing straight forward. These were the rules because once the body died, it needed a substitute to attach itself to, and they would have to survive without a limb for the rest of eternity if they were not portrayed in the wall art. Portraits of the deceased often served as a backup plan just in case the mummy would suffer damage. One of the devices the Egyptians used in their canon was twist perspective: they combined frontal and profile views of a person.
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