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| the Stone Age beginning with the earliest chipped stone tools, about 750,000 years ago |
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| Stone Age between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, marked by the appearance of microlithic tools and weapons and by changes in the nature of settlements |
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| Stone Age beginning around 10,000 b.c. in the Middle East and later elsewhere, characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements. |
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| A very large stone used in various prehistoric architectures or monumental styles, notably in western Europe during the second millennium b.c. |
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| an upright, monumental stone |
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| a system in which two upright members, the posts, hold up a third membe |
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| Acting or serving as an illustration. |
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1. Relating to ritual or ritualism.
2. Advocating or practicing ritual. |
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| An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. |
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| A region of the Middle East arching across the northern part of the Syrian Desert and extending from the Nile Valley to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The civilizations of Egypt, Phoenicia, Assyria, and Babylonia developed in this area, which was also the site of numerous migrations and invasions. |
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| The Asian part of Turkey. It is usually considered synonymous with Asia Minor. |
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| The countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean Sea from Turkey to Egypt. |
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| A picture representing a word or idea |
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| Being a character or characters formed by the arrangement of small wedge-shaped |
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| A temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories. |
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| A member of an ancient people, probably of non-Semitic origin, who established a nation of city-states in Sumer in the fourth millennium b.c. that is one of the earliest known historic civilizations. |
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| a member of an ancient Semitic people who lived in central Mesopotamia in the third millennium bc |
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| the later form of the Sumerian |
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1. Of or relating to Babylonia or Babylon or their people, culture, or language.
2. Characterized by a luxurious, pleasure-seeking, and often immoral way of life. |
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| extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early–24th century BC to 605 BC. Assyria was centered on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia. |
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| The Neo-Babylonian Empire or the Chaldean Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. |
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| and it was a city of ancient Sumer, situated some 25 km northwest of Lagash. |
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| Best known for its long frontier conflict with Lagash |
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| Lagash was flourishing by c.2400 B.C., but traces of habitation go back at least to the 4th millennium B.C. |
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| a deity in Sumerian mythology and religion. Protectress of the city of Uruk and its environs, Inanna was the goddess of fertility, carnal love, and discord. Later, she was the central feminine image in the Sumerian pantheon of gods. |
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| In Mesopotamian religion, the city god of Girsu |
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| In Mesopotamian religion, the city goddess of Adab and of Kish. Worshiped especially by the herders of northern Mesopotamia, she was the goddess of the stony, rocky ground, and she had the power to produce wildlife in the foothills and in the desert. |
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| In Sumerian and Akkadian mythology, Zu is a divine storm-bird and the personification of the southern wind and the thunder clouds. This demon, half man and half bird, stole the "Tablets of Destiny" from Enlil and hid them on a mountaintop. Anu ordered the other gods to retrieve the tablets, even though they all feared the demon. According to one text, Marduk killed the bird, but in another text it died through the arrows of the god Ninurta. The bird is also referred to as Imdugud or Anzu. |
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| was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in Sumerian religion, |
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| a native Mesopotamian deity and the sun god in the Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian pantheons. |
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| was the fifth king of Uruk |
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| the Sumerian legendary friend of Gilgamish. |
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| The Shedu is a celestial being from Mesopotamian mythology. He is a human above the waist and a bull below the waist. He also has the horns and the ears of a bull. |
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| a form of writing, esp as used in ancient Egypt, in which pictures or symbols are used to represent objects, concepts, or sounds |
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| is traditionally the period between the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Pharaonic monarchy |
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| is the name given to the period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement |
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| is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, |
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| Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. |
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| was the Egyptian concept of spiritual essence, that which distinguishes the difference between a living and a dead person |
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| a secret chamber in an ancient Egyptian tomb |
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| A cemetery, especially a large and elaborate one belonging to an ancient city. |
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| A figure in Egyptian myth having the body of a lion and the head of a man, ram, or hawk. |
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| the mother of Horus and goddess of creation |
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| a solar god of Egyptian mythology, usually depicted with a falcon's head |
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| The Egyptian god of life and reproduction, represented as a man with a ram's head. |
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| Having a roof or ceiling supported by rows of columns. |
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1. The upper part of the nave, transepts, and choir of a church, containing windows.
2. An upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying natural light to a building. |
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| The countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean Sea from Turkey to Egypt. |
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| An island of southeast Greece in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its Minoan civilization, centered at the city of Knossos on the northern coast, was one of the earliest in the world and reached the height of its wealth and power c. 1600 b.c. |
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| A group of islands of southeast Greece in the southern Aegean Sea. The name was used in ancient times for the islands surrounding Delos. |
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| A peninsula forming the southern part of Greece south of the Gulf of Corinth. It was dominated by Sparta until the fourth century b.c. |
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| An ancient region of east-central Greece around Athens. |
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| A native or inhabitant of ancient Troy. |
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| Of or relating to the advanced Bronze Age culture that flourished in Crete from about 3000 to 1100 b.c. |
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| An ancient Greek city in the northeast Peloponnesus that flourished during the Bronze Age as the center of an early civilization. According to legend, at one time Agamemnon was its king. |
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| A family of languages consisting of most of the languages of Europe as well as those of Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and other parts of Asia. |
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| German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae (1822-1890) |
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| British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941) |
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| a. An intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze. |
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| The main hall or central room of a palace or house, especially of Mycenaean Greece, having a pillared porch and a more or less central hearth. |
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| An undeciphered writing system used in Crete from the 18th to the 15th century b.c. |
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| A syllabic script used in Mycenaean Greek documents chiefly from Crete and Pylos, mostly from the 14th to the 12th century b.c. |
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| a primitive style of masonry characterized by the use of massive stones of irregular shape and size |
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| a dry-stone beehive-shaped tomb associated with the Mycenaean culture of Greece in the 16th to the 12th century bc |
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| A period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze. |
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