• Lays foundation for Greece
• Cycladic, only material remains-need for form/object that functions in some way
• Minoan people
• Mycenean people
• Homer
• Schliemann
• Sir Arthur Evans
• 2 languages found: Linear A-not deciphered & Linear B- deciphered Pre-Greek found in Knossos, palace inventories.

• Bronze Age
• central area, Crete
• Sir Arthur Evans (British) visits Crete, finds palace structures in Knossos, uncovers Bronze Age people, dubs people Minoans from legendary King Minos
• Sir Arthur did NOT find epigraphical writing at 1st.
• *Arthurs decided to reconstruct parts of palaces w/ modern construction. ex: throne room out of stone/mural on wall
• Found small sculpture of bull leaping (significant to Minoans)
• *No fighting/war (no images of soilders or weaponry)
• Literate people
• *presence of aquatic animals & bulls
• Figural imagery-profile eye similar to Egypt, more realistic, natural movement
• Decorative imagery-colorful murals

• Bronze Age
• From city Mycenae
• Conquers Minoans
• Heinrich Schliemann later digs in Mycenean.
• Mask of Agonomnam-gold, Schliemann claims King agonmnam which may not be accurate
• Presence of gold
• Shaft graves, body covered w/ gold masks, weapons
• Decorative elements ex: Lions gate: gateway to citadel at Mycenae, carved with lions.

• German businessman
• Around during the Bronze Age
• intrigued w/Trojan War
• Marries a Greek woman, Sophia
• Decided to find Troy, digs in Turkey finds The Trojan Gold
• Later digs in Mycenean find decorative elements, lion gate-gateway to citadel, carved w/lions, feet on column. Finds shaft graves, have gold masks over the body, weapons, presence of gold.
• Mask of Agonomnam: gold, Schliemann claims King Agonomnam may not be accurate.
• Wanted to prove Homer: The Iliad, The Odyssey was based on historical reality.

• Bronze Age
• poet
• 8th Century B.C.
• wrote The Iliad, The Odyssey which is a combination of orally transmitted stories left over from Bronze Age and visible remains of Minoan and Myceneans, believes kings built.
• He would have seen Cyclopean architecture, shaft graves, remains of both these civilizations combined.
• Schliemann finds some truth to Homer's accounts.

• Found by Schliemann
• found in Turkey
• Schliemann claims its Priam's treasure
• Controversial: recieves permission to dig if shows everything to authorites-he did not do this ends up in Germany.
• Consists of Jewlery, weapons, vessels, picture of Sophia wearing jewlery
• End of World War II Trojan gold is gone
• Eventually found in Moscow in basement of museum
• Who owns it?

• Mask of Agonomnam
• Bronze Age
• Gold
• Found in Mycenae
• Gold masks would be placed over the body
• Found by Schliemann
• Schliemann claimed was of King Agonomnam

• Lion Gate
• Bronze Age
• Gateway to citadel at mycenae

• 1200-1100 B.C.
• Entire Mediterranean culture
• Loss of literacy
• Loss of art
• loss of architecture
• Loss of kinshop
• Loss of centralized administration, economic, social systems
• Fell into Dark Ages
• Greek polis will emerge 900-800 B.C.

1. Minoans
2. Myceneans
3. Dark Ages
4. Geometric
5. Orientalzing Period
6. Archaic
7. Classical Hellenistic

• effects developments of myths
• great mountains and oceans
• development of city-states
• NOT a unified people
• water is prominent
• fisherman
• depended on trade
• farming
• Sea-faring (stayed close to land)

Greek colonized parts of Sicily called it Magna Graecia (Great Greece) 8th Century Colonies.

• Named for geometric decorations on artwork
• Mostly Vases
• Large vessels are prejudiced geometric in style.
• some of the 1st works are art pots
• Usually No Blank spaces
• Some vessels were placed over the grave of the dead, bottoms were full of holes, liquid poured to go to grave
• Funerary function
• Beginning to have figural images

• Funerary Vase from Dipylon Cemetery
• Geometric Period
• Unrealistic depiction of anatomy
• Ceremony-funeral
• Chest-triangle shape, body is geometric in shape.
• found in Dipylon cemetery
• Emphasis the lose of human form before
• Attempted to create human form
• Literacy is gone
• Hierarchical scale
• Pulling-hair-mourning gesture
• Sacrificial animals
• Register below is war, figure may have died in war
• Could be a chariot race at the funeral games
• Chariot w/horses
• Desire to tell a story
• Could reflect daily life.

• The near East was considered Orient
• Style of the art was influence by the Near East
• Named after the vessels found
• Symmetry
• Hybrid creatures
• Patterns
• Not so much based on geometric, more creatures
• Almost no panel or wall painting have survived
• *Pots are important (2 dimensional) because no paintings have really survived.
• Multiple types of vessels for various purposes ex: to mix water and winde, some for perfumes, drinking etc.
• Vases are painted then fired.

Corinthian BF Amphora

• Orientalizing Period
• comes from Corinth-important for pottery
• Colorful
• Lions came from another place, similar to lions in Mesopotamia
• Very detailed
• Animals
• Black figure

• Orientalizing and Geometric Period styles eventually die out
• Greek art changes overtime, unlike Egyptian art.
• Greeks were interested in Realism unlike Egyptians and their art can be dated because there is change.
• Egypt was more developed than Greece
• Greeks influenced by Egypt through monumental sculpture, different notion, quest for realism.
• Greeks are depicted nude, Egyptians are not, human form.
• Chronology for Greece is not a concern.
• Change of stories/different versions
• Greek focus on muscles.

• New York Kouros (young man)
• Archaic Period
• Greeks learned monumental sculpture from Egypt ex: left foot forward
• Thought to be god Apollo because the large scale
• Nude
• These are found in cemeteries/sancutaries as an offering
• comemorative
• head is narrow
• face is flat
• muscle by lines
• Observed human form
• More Egyptian formula
• Stone left by hands
• Statue

• Anavysos Kouros (Kroisos)
• Archaic Period
• Face is more realistic-eyes have depth, checks pronounced
• muscles in the face
• Full hair
• Muscles in torso, arms, legs
• observed human form
• Breaking away from stone
• Insciption of vase, "Stop and grieve at the tomb of the dead Kroisos slain by wild Ares in the front rank of battle."
• Statue
• May not have been Kouros
• Statue function
• Given offerings.

• Peplos Kore (young women)
• Archaic period
• Clothed-in this time females were always clothed
• She wars a peplos
• Modeling of the face-archaic smile
• Stiff body-non-realistic
• Her hand is broken off, was up projecting forward
• Statues arm is pulled up, animating the body
• was painted
• proportions are off
• no body, human anatomy

[image]

• Temple of Artemis, Corfu
• Archaic period
• sculpture in pediment Gorgon Medusa
• Dedicated to Artemis which was the sister of Apollo, was the virgin goddess of wilderness/hunt
• 2 lions, Medusa
• Non-Narrative because children are not there until Medusa head is cut off
• Purpose: Message and Power
• Medusa depicted running, frontal chest, legs in profile, head frontal, wears snake belt, snakes by ear, heavy-set, teeth, tongue,
• Eyes are open and frightened
• Medusa is meant to guard the temple
• Temple has functional imagery NOT decorative
• Use of evil to ward off evil
• Problem w/ pediment tapers off
• Use scale w/out changing proportion
• Myth/stores are important part of imagery
• Medusa has a foreign look.

• Post and lintel system used with both Egyptian and Greek structures, horizonatal on the top, colonnades.
• Many Greek temples are marble
• Columns are fluted-line.
• Not full or carved with imagery/words
• Learned structure from Egyptians
• Did NOT usually paint columns like Minoans
• Columns usually same dimension from top to bottom
• Development of Orders: Doric and Ionic
• More concerned w/ balance, harmony, and order.
• The way it looks is important.

• Includes Naos-contained cult statue, back porch, pronaos
• rationally ordered
• Sacrifice/rituals outside of the temple.

• earliest
• built temples out of stone
• Contains capital- disk/plain,
• architrave,
• metope-came between triglyph could be plain or have decoration, place for sculpture.
• Usually had plain capital.
• No base.

• Leveling courses
• column has a base
• Capital is curved down-Volute
• architrave
• long horizonatal ban
• No triglyph
• good for long narrative/decorative frieze part

[image]

• Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi (Reconstruction Drawing) Gigantomachy (north freize)
• Archaic Period
• NOT a temple
• treasury
• has a porch
• columns are placed by female figures-karyantes
• Figures on the top
• Sculpture would have been painted
• *Siphians built treasury at Delphi because it is the site of the oracle of Apollo, Pythia; female, stayed at the temple, people came to consult oracled, offerings
• NOT in Siphnos
• Purpose: to build up Siphnians image and Apollo
• Need a treasury because of overflow

[image]

• Battle of the Gods and the Giants (Gigantomachy)
• At the treasury of the Siphnians
• Archaic Period
• Date is firmly fixed seen stylistic marker of naturalism also by silver mines being flooded
• Story from myth that before Zeus could rein had to battle, defeat giants
• No difference in scale, giants are not large
• Apollo and Artemis next to each other, Femus drawn by lion
• * Sculptor wrote names them in frieze.
• symbolizes a Greek city state over another
• Propaganda format-message of defeat of a city-state
• Anyone not Greek is a barbarian, Greeks symbolized as Gods, Non-Greeks barbarians
• We do not see the end of the battle, but evidence of who is going to win.
• Suggestion of muscles.

1. Black Figure: develops earlier from geometric and Orientalizing, has to do w/firing process, paint it in black, then use red/purples scratched out exposed color of the clay for details. Firing process, black silhouette ex: episode of the myth of Cyclopes. Continues to be produced.
2. Red Figure: paint dtails with the black, freedom and naturalism. Better

Both have problems w/overlapping.