Term
| How many forms of ID do you need to take the exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two categories of certification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are three areas, or specific procedural requirements, that candidates must compete which are related to: |
|
Definition
A. patient scanning of the spine and femur
B. daily quality control procedures for a DXA unit
C. a choice of elective activities |
|
|
Term
A. PATIENT SCANNING OF THE SPINE AND FEMUR
Candidates must perform ____ scans of both the lumbar spine and femur utilizing _______ equipment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
|
|
Term
(T/F)
If a patient is scanned at two or more anatomical sites, each scan can be counted as a
separate occurrence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T/F)
Scanning the same site two times on a single patient counts only as two scans. |
|
Definition
False
It only counts as one scan |
|
|
Term
| Candidates must incorporate the following clinical activities into each DXA examination (3). |
|
Definition
Explain the procedure
Acquisition and Analysis
Evaluation of Results |
|
|
Term
Obtain relevant patient history (including screening for possible pregnancy); assure that all artifact-producing objects have been removed; and verify that patient has not been subjected to medical procedures that may invalidate the scan results (e.g., received contrast, prosthetic devices).
a. Explain the procedure
b. Acquisition and Analysis
c. Evaluation of Results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Enter patient data required to utilize reference data; select positioning aides and position patient; record unusual positioning details; and perform DXA scan.
a. Explain the procedure
b. Acquisition and Analysis
c. Evaluation of Results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Verify regions of interest; evaluate quality of measurements for problems due to artifacts, pathology, etc.; recommend additional scans as necessary; flag values that require physician’s attention (low T score; unreliable results, etc.); and archive results.
Enter patient data required to utilize reference data; select positioning aides and position patient; record unusual positioning details; and perform DXA scan.
a. Explain the procedure
b. Acquisition and Analysis
c. Evaluation of Results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Candidates are required to complete 50 DXA scans of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to the spine, candidates are also required to complete 50 DXA scans of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Candidates must perform and interpret results of at least _____ ________ of required daily QC tests on DXA scanning equipment according to ____________ guidelines. |
|
Definition
10 repetitions
Manufacturer’s |
|
|
Term
| *Candidates who choose either of the forearm electives must study DXA forearm scanning (e.g., read operator’s manual, view manufacturer’s training video) prior to completing these electives. What are the two different forearm electives? |
|
Definition
| Perform DXA scans of the forearm * 10 Directly observe an experienced operator perform DXA scans of 20 the forearm * |
|
|
Term
| Candidates must complete at least 3 of the following activities the number of times specified. |
|
Definition
Forearm scan
In vitro precision study
In vivo precision study
Install software upgrades
Perform follow-up scans
Answer basic questions from patients
Develop or update instructional material
Give lecture |
|
|
Term
| How many in vitro scans would you be required to perform? |
|
Definition
| study 1 (e.g., 10 times before and after scanner relocation or repair) |
|
|
Term
| How many in vivo scans would you be required to perform? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many software upgrades do you need to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the details of performing follow-up scans for certification? |
|
Definition
| Perform follow-up scan and compare bone density measurements (10) from two occasions (for same patient) to assess changes over time |
|
|
Term
| To get certified you can answer basic questions from patients or family members about lifestyle (10) choices related to _______ _______, ______ _________, and ______ _________. |
|
Definition
bone health
fall prevention
drug therapies |
|
|
Term
| What can you update in order to work toward your certification? |
|
Definition
| Develop or update instructional materials related to bone health and bone (1) densitometry (e.g., brochure, video) |
|
|
Term
| Whay type of commuity activity counts towards certification? |
|
Definition
| Give lecture to other health care professionals or provide community (1) education workshop related to bone health and bone densitometry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two major cell types important for bone structure. |
|
Definition
| osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
| There are two major areas covered for bone remodeling, what are they? |
|
Definition
1. Remodeling cycle
2. Factors affecting remodeling |
|
|
Term
| Name three major factors that affect bone remodeling. |
|
Definition
1. Age
2. Hormones
3. Pathology |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 risk factors influencing bone density. |
|
Definition
1. Genetics
2. Endocrine
3. Nutritional
4. Lifestyle
5. Medication |
|
|
Term
| Name four classes of medications that contribute to risk factors for low bone density? |
|
Definition
1. Steroids
2. Thyroid
3. Hormones
4. Anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| What three statistical concepts are used for evaluating bone density? |
|
Definition
1. Mean
2. Standard Deviation
3. Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
Term
| What criterial will be used to determine the significance of recorded results? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three methods used to evaluate BMD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantitative computed tomography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 6 areas important for evaluation and diagnoses. |
|
Definition
1. Basic statistical concepts
2. Standard scores
3. Methods for evaluating BMD
4. WHO diagnostic criteria
5. Laboratory tests
6. VFA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertebral fracture assessment |
|
|
Term
| Name the three major categories related to prevention and treatment. |
|
Definition
1. Lifestyle factors
2. Fall prevention
3. Drug therapies |
|
|
Term
| What 3 lifestyle factors are part of prevention and treatment regiments? |
|
Definition
1. Nutrition
2. Exercise
3. Smoking cessation |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of the two classes of drug therapies used for treating low bone density? |
|
Definition
1. Antiresorptive
2. Formation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major components of DXA technology? |
|
Definition
1. X-ray production
2. Radiation detection |
|
|
Term
| What are two systems employed for detecting radation? |
|
Definition
1. Scintillation detector systems
2. Solid state detector systems |
|
|
Term
| There are three things to consider when comparing a pencil to a fan beam, what are they? |
|
Definition
1. Mechanics of pencil beam
2. Mechanics of fan beam
3. Geometry of fan beam |
|
|
Term
| Name four key points to remember about the geometry of a fan beam? |
|
Definition
1. Source-object-detector distances
2. Magnification and distortion
3. Object centering
4. Estimated BMC and area |
|
|
Term
| Name three things that affect the quality of bone density measurements. |
|
Definition
1. Precision
2. Sources of precision error
3. Accuracy |
|
|
Term
| Name three characteristics that differentiate equipment. |
|
Definition
1. Scanner speed/mode
2. Current
3. Scanner calibration/stability |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 operator and patient characteristics to consider when performing measurements. |
|
Definition
1. Positioning
2. Geometry
3. Body habitus
4. Pathology
5. In vivo precision studies |
|
|
Term
Of the 3-step follow-up process which step is listed below?
Update baseline biography |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the 3-step follow-up process which step is listed below?
Reproduce baseline study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the 3-step follow-up process which step is listed below?
Document changes affecting can validity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four major categories to understand wrp to equipment QC and maintenance? |
|
Definition
1. Purposed of quality control
2. Types of QC
3. Types of phantoms
4. Analysis of QC results |
|
|
Term
| What are two reasons for performing quality control? |
|
Definition
1. Scanner function and calibration
2. Timely repairs and recalibration |
|
|
Term
| Name two different categories of QC. |
|
Definition
1. Internal vs. external calibration
2. Baseline vs. longitudinal phantom |
|
|
Term
| Name three different types of phantoms. |
|
Definition
1. Aluminum
2. Anthropomorphic
3. Calibration standard |
|
|
Term
| What are three areas for consideration wrp to the analysis of QC results? |
|
Definition
1. Pass/fail criteria
2. Need for repeat QC tests
3. Need for servi ce |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major considerations for maintenance, repairs and upgrades? |
|
Definition
1. Relocation
2. Equipment safety |
|
|
Term
| If equipment is relocated what should be considered? |
|
Definition
1. Recalibration
2. Reestablish baseline data |
|
|
Term
| What are the two safety considerations when working with this equipment? |
|
Definition
1. Electrical
2. Emergency stop button |
|
|
Term
| What three topics should be understood wrp to basic computer concepts? |
|
Definition
1. Major components
2. File and database management
3. Types of software |
|
|
Term
| What are the four major hardware components of the equipment? |
|
Definition
1. Input devices
2. CPU
3. Storage devices
Output and display devices |
|
|
Term
| What two areas of file and database management must be considered when making measurements? |
|
Definition
1. Storage and retrieval of data
Back-up and archiving |
|
|
Term
| What 3 software considerations are required for this equipment? |
|
Definition
1. Operating system
2. Application software
3. Software upgrades |
|
|
