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A drawing made to scale to represent the top view or a horizontal section of a structure or a machine, as a floor layout of a building. (Such as a blueprint/floor plan.)
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A representation of a portion of a building or object exposed when cut by an imaginary vertical plane so as to show its construction and interior.
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A drawing to scale of the external face of a building or structure.
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| A form of appearance, design, or production representative of a specific culture or time period. (Such as Classical, Gothic, etc.) |
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| A number of things or persons sharing a particular characteristic, or set of characteristics, that causes them to be regarded as a group. |
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| The reason for which something exists or is done, made, used. |
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| An established or prescribed procedure for a religious or other rite. |
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| A bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object from above, with a perspective as though the observer were a bird. (Such as a plan view.) |
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A simple construction method using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts. (Post is vertical, lintel is horizontal.)
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| A really big stone used for a structure. (Such as the stones used to build Stonehenge.) |
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| The inner chamber of a temple. |
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A pyramidal tower, usually terraced, that holds a temple at the top. Meant to resemble a mountain, a significant part of ancient religions.
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| Indirect access to a temple or ziggurat. The path leading to the destination requires one to take turns, rather than going in a straight path. |
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| Serving a protective purpose. (Can be applied to statues such as the lamassu.) |
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Comprises a parapet in which portions have been cut out at intervals to allow the discharge of arrows or other missiles. Can also serve decorative purposes.
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| The (protective) spirit of a place. |
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A type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's ancient period. Made out of mud bricks or stone.
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| High windows above eye level. |
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| A rigid, relatively slender, upright support, composed of relatively few pieces. |
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| A column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall. |
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The topmost member of a column.
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| The center part of a column. |
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| A temple constructed adjacent to, or in the vicinity of, royal tombs. |
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A raised road or path. (Such as the path leading from the valley temple to the mortuary temple.)
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| Situated on an axis. (In a straight line.) |
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A hall that has a roof supported by columns.
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The monumental gateway to a temple. Consists of (usually) two tall towers with a cornice.
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| The five High Orders of columns. Consists of Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite. |
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The vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze.
(Triglyph is the three vertical grooves above the column.)
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A rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs.
(Metope is the empty space between the sets of vertical grooves, or triglyphs.)
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The solid platform that a column stands upon.
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The triangular section above a structure, usually supported by columns.
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The convex curve added to columns for aesthetic purposes.
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Foliage ornamentation. Most commonly found on Corinthian capitals.
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Scroll-like ornamentation. Most commonly found on Ionic capitals.
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The superstructure of moldings and bands that lay horizontall above columns and rest on their capitals. (Located directly above the capital.)[image]
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The lintel or beam that lays on the capitals of columns. Is the lowest part of the entablature.
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The wide central section of the entablature.
(Shown below with triglyphs and metopes.)
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The horizontal decorative molding on the top of a building.
(Shown below above the frieze.)
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A human scultpure that takes the place of a column. Supports the entablature upon its head.
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A public meeting place, similar to a courtyard.
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A covered walkway or portico, usually for public use and lined with columns.
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A great hall or room, usually massive in proportions.
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A piece of stone jutting out to carry a weight or object.
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doric order
(describe characteristics and use) |
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One of the five orders. Massive in size. Height-to-base ratio is 5:1. Fluted with no base. To be used for buildings dedicated to men.
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ionic order
(describe characteristics and use) |
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One of the five orders. Tall and slender. Height-to-base ratio is 7:1. Has volutes on capital. To be used for buildings dedicated to women or learned men.
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corinthian order
(describe characteristics and use) |
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One of the five orders. Very tall and slender. Height-to-base ratio is 9:1. Has acanthus ornamentation for the capital. To be used for buildings dedicated to virgin women, especially the Virgin Mary.
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tuscan order
(describe characteristics and use) |
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One of the five orders. Similar to the doric order, but has a smooth shaft and a base. To be used for simple/plain buildings such as prisons.
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composite order
(describe characteristics) |
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One of the five orders. Shares characteristics of both the Ionic and Corinthian orders. Has volutes and acanthus for the capital.
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The Old Kingdom
(start and end dates) |
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The Middle Kingdom
(start and end dates) |
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The New Kingdom
(start and end dates) |
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A 'beehive' tomb. The Necropolis at Cerveteri is made up of tholos.
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A large cemetery or burial ground usually composed of structural tombs. Think of Cereverti.
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Oranmental grooving (often found in columns).
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A curved structure/opening that supports weight.
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The piece (stone) at the top of the arch. Labeled as 1 in the image below.
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| A large open space within a building that is usually multiple stories high. Often found in Roman houses as the main entrance area/foyer. |
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| Part of the Roman house that gathers water for later use. Literally means "water going in". |
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| Part of the Roman house. An office-like space with tables that often served as a dining place. |
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| Roman apartment complex/building. Literally means 'island', and often took up an entire city block. |
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Part of the Roman house. A columned porch or open columnade that surrounds a courtyard. Sometimes contains a garden. |
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| An open meeting place, similar to the Greek agora. Found in every Roman city. |
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| A Roman public building, often found in a forum. Think Ulpia. |
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| A mix of lime, volcanic sand, small stones and water. Hardens into a solid substance. Used for construction. |
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Similar to a long, extended arch, or a ceiling with a curve to it.
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A combination of two barrel vaults that meet at an angle.
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A flattened column, sort of like an engaged pier.
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| A style of architecture that was heavily used by Greeks and Romans. |
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| A style of architecture that is the playful breaking of Classical rules. |
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