FALLACIES

a decptive misleading belief or nature, an argument that sounds unlogical

SLIPPERY SLOPE

 a dangerous and irreversible course

APPEAL

speaker tries to affect the listener's feelings by logic reasoning

PARALLELISM

technigue of arranging words or phrases in order for them to be side by side & making them similar in form

"we shall fight in the beaches, we shall fight in the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields."

BIAS

to cause favorisms to someone unfairly, a diagonla cut, a systematic as opposed to random disortion  

ARGUMENT OF FACT

 an argumebnt consisting of facts

SENTIMENTAL APPEALS

uses emotions to distract the audience from the facts 

HASTY GENERALIZATION 

generalization made by consulting an infsufficient sample or phenomenon, a fallacing of examining few examples or studying a single case and generalizing

POST HOC, ERGO PROCTOR HOC

a formula designated an error in logic that accepts something that happened earlier in time

CLAIM 

a statement that you are asking the other person to accept, a thesis statement backed up with evidence that  supports your argument 

CONCESSION

the point of yielding, the point or fact in a argument

FAULTY ANALOGY

fallacy in assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects they are necessarily alike in some other respect

PATHOS

the power in literature to cause pity or sorrow

INDUCTIVE LOGIC

system of evidential support that extends deductive logic to less-than-certain inferences

DEDUCTIVE LOGIC

coming to a single conclusion from a very general statement . "all plants have leaves" "a tree is a plant"

LOGICAL EVIDENCE

proof of a claim scientifically/reasonably verifable

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

information that is acquired by observation or experimentation

ANECTODAL EVIDENCE

refuse to believe facts and statestics, information that is not based on facts or careful study

AD HOMINEM

appealings to your prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than your reasoning, attacking opponent rather than answering their argument.

CULTURE (Latin)

behavior or beliefs characteristics of a particular social, ethnic, or age group

LOGICAL FALLACY

a fallacy (deceptive, misleading, or false notion, belief) in logical argumentation

CREDIBLE

capable of being believed or worthy of confidence and belief

GROUNDS

foundation or basis on which a belief or action resets

REFUTATION/COUNTER ARGUMENT

opposing argument to what is intially being said

PERSUASION

the act of convincing

LOGOS

persuading by use of reasoning, the principle of reason and judgement

BANDWAGON

 a movement, party or action that by it's mass appeal or strenght attracts amny followers

RHETORIC

the undue use of exaggeration, the use and study of language appropiately

PROPAGANDA

 deliberate spreading of rumors or the princilples of an organization and movement

PROPOSAL

a plan or suggestion put forward for consideration or discussion by others

EITHER/ OR FALLACY

the logical fallacy of false dilemna

ANTITHESIS

placing a sentence or one of it's parts against one another to0 which is opposes to form a balanced contrast of ideas . "Give me liberty or give me death"

LITOTES

understatement, especially that in which an affirmitive is expressed by the negative of it's contrary . "not bad at all"

REBUTTAL

an act of debute

EQUIVOCATION

the use of confusing expressions in order to mislead , or a fallacy caused by the double meaning of a word. 

ETHOS

determines a character's action rather than his or her thought or emotion , fundamental of a culture sentiment that informs the belief, customs of a group or society

MEDIA

the main means of mass communication regarded collectively "the campaign won media attention"

EUPHEMISM

substitution of something harsh to something vague but still the same thing. "pass away" instead of "to die"

IRONY

through character or plot development what an intention or attitude is opposite to that which is actually stated, organization to giving full expression to contradictory attitudes, theme etc.

PARADOX

statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality might have a possible truth, opinion or statement contrary to accepted opinion

ANAPHORA

repetition of word or words at the beginning of two or more successive vereses, clauses or sentences