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The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form.
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When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions.
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A reasoning process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization.
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A reasoning process of moving from a general rule to a specific example
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Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate
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Defects that weaken arguments
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| Post hoc, ergo procter hoc |
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AssumingthatbecauseBcomesafter A, AcausedB.
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The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption.
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Power of creating a sympathetic response.
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Utilization of emotion to distract the audience from the facts.
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an admission in an argument that the opposing side has points
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A fallacy in which an argument is based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons.
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To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain
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Taking known fact and attempting to persuade against it.
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Prejudice in favor or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
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information that is acquired by observation or experimentation
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Information derived from the synthesis of reasonably verifiable claims.
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Non-scientific observations or studies, which do not provide prrof but may assist research efforts.
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Apprealing to one's prejudices, emotions, or special interests rahter than to one's intellect or reason; attacking an opponent's motives or character rather than the policy or position they maintain.
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The behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group; the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits.
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The adoption of a position, or persuation of someone else to adopt a position, based on a bad piece of reasoning; an error of reasoning; a flaw in an argument that makes it invalid.
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Capable of persuading people that something will happen or be successful.
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The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause
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| Refutation (Counterargument) |
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To prove wrong by argument or evidence; a contrasting or oppposing argument.
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The action of convincing someone to do or believe something
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The principle of reason and judgement; logical persuasion
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A particular activity or cause that has suddenly become fashionable or popular.
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Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but is often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content
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Information of a biased nature used to promote a point of view.
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A plan or suggestion put forward for consideration or discussion by others.
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A type of fallacy in which a person makes a statement that actually presents only two possible options, when there are actually more than those two.
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A figure of speech which refers to the juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas.
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A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
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A refutation; counterargument
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A statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth.
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Persuasion utilizing the character and ethics of the audience.
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A means of communication that reaches or influences people widely.
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An inoffensive word or phrase used in place of one considered offensive or hurtful.
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The use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning.
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A seeming self-contradictory statement or proposition that, when investigated, may prove to be true.
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A rhetorical term for the repitition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
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