Empirical Evidence

 is information that is acquired by observation or experimentation

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 Logical Evidence

information that is derived from the synthesis of reasonably verifible claims

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Anecdotal Evidence

Ad Hominem

appealing to one's prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than to one's intellect or reason;attacking an opponent's motives or character rather than the policy or position they maintain.

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Culture

the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group; the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts,letters, manners, scholarly pursuits,

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Logical Fallacies

the adoption a position, or persuasion of someone else to adopt a position, based on a bad piece of reasoning; an error of reasoning

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Credible

Capable of persuading people that something will happen or be successful

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Grounds

The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause

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Refuting

to prove wrong by argument or evidence; a contrasting or opposing a[image]rgument

Persuasive

The action of convinving someone to do or believe something.

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Logos

The principle of reason and judgment; logical persuasion

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Bandwagon

A particular activity or cause that has suddenly become fashionable or popular

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Rhetoric

Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but is often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content

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Fallacies

defects that weaken arguments

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Slippery Slope

The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption.

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Appeal

power of creating a sympathetic response.

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Parallelism

The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. 

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Bias

Prejudice in favor or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usu

ally in a way considered to be unfair.

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Argument of Fact

Taking known fact and attempting to persuade against it.

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Sentimental Appeals

Utilization of emotion to distract the audience from the facts.

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Hasty generalizations

Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate

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Post Hoc, ergo proctor hoc

AssumingthatbecauseBcomesafter A, AcausedB

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Claim

state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain

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Concession

an admission in an argument that the opposing side has points

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Faulty Analogy

A fallacy in which an argument is based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons

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Pathos

When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions

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Inductive Logic

A reasoning process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization

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Deductive Logic

A reasoning process of moving from a general rule to s apecific example

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Propaganda

the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person

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Proposal

an act of putting forward or stating something for consideration

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Either/ or Fallacy

The logical fallacy of false dilemma (also called false dichotomy, the either-or fallacy) involves a situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are other options

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Antithesis

A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else

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Litotes

Ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary 

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Rebuttal

the speech act of refuting by offering a contrary contention or argument

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Equivocation

evasion: a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth

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Ethos

The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as seen in its beliefs and aspirations

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Media

The main means of mass communication regarded collectively

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Euphemism

A mild or indirect word or expression for one too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing

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The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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Paradox

A seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true

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Anaphora

repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect

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