states that the auditory nerve can have volleys of impulses up to 400 per second even though no individual axon approaches that frequency by itself this principle provides justification for the place theory

respond to auditory objects and are most likely responsible for interpreting the meaning of sounds

refers to the system that detect the position and the movement of the head

is the destination of information from the auditory system and is located in the superior temporal cortex which contains area MT that allows for the detection of the location of sound

Information from  below the head enters the spinal cord and travel through the 31 spinal nerves to the brain

the hypothalamus, amygdale and cingulated cortex which results in an emotional component to pain

Mild pain

Mild pain triggers the release of glutamate while

refers the idea that the brain is constantly changing throughout the lifetime

refers to the production of new cells neurons in the brain primarily occurring early in life

refers to the forming of the axon and dendrite that gives the neuron its distinctive shape

Our perception of flavor is the combination of both taste and smell these axons converge in the endopiriform cortex

the nucleus of the tractus solitaries (NTS)

Taste nerves project to a structure in the medulla known as

sends axons to the cerebral cortex where messages are coded by location

transducer (convert) energy into electrochemical patterns

The brain does not duplicate what we see ;

is determined by which neurons are active

consist of the axons of ganglion cells that band together and exit through the back of the eye and travel to the brain

is the fovea and allows for acute and detailed vision.

are most abundant in the periphery of the eye and respond to faint light;

 cells are aligned together in columns cells within a given column process similar information responding either to the right left or both eyes equally

when gaba becomes widely available in the brain and

is defined by the basilar membrane vibrating in synchrony with sound and causing auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency.

describes that each area along the basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency of sound wave

are chemicals contained by both rods and cones that release energy when struck by light.

of the retina make synaptic contact with bipolar cells and horizontal cells.

of primates generally fall into three categories including parvocellular neurons, magnocellular neurons, and koniocellular neurons. ****TRUE

refers to process by which glia produce the fatty sheath that covers the axons of some neurons

in the brain during early development can cause significant impairment and development problems ***TRUE

if crushed it follows its myelin sheath back to the target and grows back toward the periphery at a rate of about 1 mm per day

is the final stage of neural development and refers to the formation of the synapses between neurons and occurs throughout the life as neurons are constantly forming new connections and discarding old ones

in the fetus brain suppresses glutamate and enhances the release of GABA

are limbs that have lost their afferent sensory input

is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons axons that are not exposed to neurotrophin after making connections undergo apoptosis

are new branches formed by other non damaged axon that attach to vacant receptors