Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
frost line |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The expected maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground in a given area. |
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
slope |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Inclination or slant , especially of the ground surface.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
effective temperature |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
bearing |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
In surveying, a direction stated in degrees, minutes, and seconds as an angular deviation east or west from due north or south.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
ground water level
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also call the water table
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
macadam
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Paving using crushed stone.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
water cycle
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The general pattern of movement of the water on, under, and above the earth.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
frontage |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The length of a lot line along a street or public way.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
lot |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The smallest identifiable parcel of land in a city
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
parterre |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An ornamental garden arrangement
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
exedra |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
landscaping |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The design and arrangement of natural elements on a site.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
culvert |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier, used to drain or carry water.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
pad |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An approximately level building area.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
sewer |
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Definition
Site Planning & Design
An underground pipe or drain used to carry off rain water (storm sewer) or waste matter (sanitary sewer).
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
lot area
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The total horizontal area within the boundary lines of a parcel of land.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
environment |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The natural and man made things, conditions, and influences surrounding a person, community, or place.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
air rights
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The rights to the use or control of the air space above a property.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
catchment |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center or the employees of a manufacturing plant.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
sanitary sewer |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An underground pipe or drain to carry off waste matter.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
way |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A street, alley or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
datum |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevation in surveying and mapping.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
invert |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The lowest pont of the inside of a drain, pipe, channel, or other liquid-carrying conduit.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
granolith |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Concrete used for paving which uses crushed granite as the coarse aggregate
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
yard |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An open, unoccupied space, other than a court, unobstructed to the sky, on the lot on which a building is situated.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
site planning
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Designing the external physical environment in which buildings and structures are placed.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
croachment |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The extension of a building into the property of another.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
swale |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A graded flow path used in open drainage systems
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
albedo |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Reflectivity measured as the relative permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
dry well
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A pit, usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
storm sewer
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A sewer for carrying away surface rain water, as opposed to sanitary sewage.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
utility |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A public service, such as telephone, water, gas, or electricity. |
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
catch basin
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A sievelike device at the entrance to a storm sewer which traps matter that could block the sewer. |
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
runoff coefficient
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The percentage of total rainfall which is not absorbed in the ground and, hence, runs off. It must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
survey |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The process of determining location, form, and boundaries of a parcel of land by measurement, computation, and drawing.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
block |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A division of urban land, normally private property, which is surrounded by public streets, and which is officially established and recorded.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
buildable area
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The net ground area of a lot which can be covered by a building after required setbacks and other zoning limitations have been accounted for.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
azimuth |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A horizontal angle measure clockwise from north or south.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
run-off |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The surface flow of water from an area.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
berm |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A bank of earth, often piled up against a wall.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
manhole |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A hole through which a person can enter a sewer, pipe, conduit, and so on for inspection, repair, or maintenance. |
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
subsoil |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The soil layer beneath the topsoil.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
windbreak
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Structures or plants which, because of their form and location, reduce wind velocities.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
cut and fill
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
erosion |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The gradual wearing away or disintegration of land caused by water, wind, and so on running over its surface.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
coniferous |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
building line
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A line, usually parallel to a property line, beyond which a structure may not extend.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
earthwork |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile.
Also called grading.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
grading |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to specified elevation or profile.
Also called earthwork.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
elevation |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The height above a known point of reference, often taken as the height above sea level.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
latitude |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The number of degrees north or south of the equator of a point on the earth's surface.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
discharge
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Flow from a culvert, sewer, or other channel.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
environmental impact statement |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A statement, often required by a governmental body, which assesses the environmental impact of a proposed development.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
finish grade
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
transpiration |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
court |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A space, open and unobstructed to the sky, located at or above grade, and bounded on three or more sides by the walls of a building. |
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
access right
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
off-street parking
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Definition
Site Planning & Design
Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
super block
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated, but which may be penetrated by cul-de-sacs or minor loop roads.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
cluster |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A type of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped closely together and surrounded by open space.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
property line
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A legal boundary of a parcel of land.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
climate |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The prevailing or average weather conditions of a place as determined over a number of years.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
wind chill index |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the wind chill index temperature. It is also know as chill factor.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
chill factor |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. It is know as wind chill index.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
contour interval
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The difference of elevation between adjacent contour lines.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
land coverage
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The ratio of the area covered by buildings to the total lot area, expressed as a percentage.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
court pattern
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
grade |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The rate of rise or descent of a sloping surface. Also, to remove and/or add earth in order to bring the ground surface to specified elevation or profile.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
water table
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also call the groundwater level.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
baffle |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
evergreen |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to deciduous.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
bench |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
microclimate
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The climatic characteristics unique to a very small area.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
dew point
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% relative humidity.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
aquifer |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An underground geological formation through which water flows.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
barrier-free |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
flood plain |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
humidity |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The amount or degree of moisture in an area, a determining element of weather.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
plane |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A flat or level surface.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
spot elevation
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The elevation of specified point on the ground or on a structure.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
contour |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
An imaginary line on the ground surface connecting all points of equal elevation.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
bollard |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall; also a freestanding stone post to divert vehicular traffic.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
backfill |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
plat |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A plan of city or subdivision, showing the boundaries of individual properties.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
drainage |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The process of controlling, collecting, transporting and disposing of excess water.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
improved land
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
handicapped parking
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
One or more spaces designated for physically handicapped persons, requiring special design and dimensions.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
setback |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The minimum distance from the property line into which a structure may not extend.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
gazebo |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A belvedere or viewing place.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
degree day (dd)
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for a month or year.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
plot |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A parcel of land.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
lot line
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The boundary line of a lot.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
gradient |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The rate of slope between two points on a surface, determined by dividing their vertical difference in elevation by their horizontal distance apart.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
ecology |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The study of the total pattern of relations between a community or organisms and its environment.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
ring road
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A circumferential or loop roadway around an urban area or development.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
linear pattern
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A pattern of land use which develops along a line, such as a highway or river.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
altitude |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
deciduous |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Trees wich shed leaves annually, as opposed to evergreens.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
alley |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Any public way or thoroughfare 10 to 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
bikeway |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
grade separation
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called interchange.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
planting strip
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A landscaped strip of ground between a pedestrian walk and a street.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
soil boring log
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
A log showing the types of soil encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
drain tile
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
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Term
4.0 Site Planning & Design
excavation |
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Definition
4.0 Site Planning & Design
The digging or removal of earth.
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
Allows waivers from specific restrictions for developments which proved certain public amenities.
For example, a building may be allowed extra square footage or height in exchange for a public courtyard.
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
If a reduction of sound, glare, and dust were requirements for a ground cover material, what material might best qualify?
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
Grass:
Grass and other ground covers reduce sound, have a low ALBEDO, and will minimize the amount of dust at a site.
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
What typical site constraints affect a grading plan?
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
- Existing trees and shrubs to be saved, transplanted or removed.
- The finished floor heigt of existing structures.
- The finish grade of existing roads.
- Existing land forms; are they worth saving or will grading cause erosion problems?
- The property line; grade must be met at the property line and excess runoff cannot be diverted to adjacent properties.
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
Measurements from a fixed vertical (north/south) or horixontal (east/west) line used to locate a point. The vertical origin line is reffered to as Y, and teh horizontal origin line is referred to as X.
To locate a point, a grid system is established from the point of origin. Distances are measured from the Y and X axes.
[image]
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
A beautiful 200 year old oak tree will be saved on a construction site. How can the site be graded to avoid damage to the tree?
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
No grading should occur with the drip line of the tree; the drip line indicates the boundary of the tree outer roots.
Minor cuts and fills near a tree should be made with stacked rock walls forming wells. This is an expensive solution, but allows for adequate mosture and air to circulate around the tree trunk.
[image]
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
What test methods can be used to determine the BEARING CAPACITY of soil?
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
CORE BORINGS: Soil is removed at regular depths to determine moisture content, density and porosity.
TEST PITS: Visual inspection fo the soil conditions by digging and open trench
AUGER BORINGS: An auger bit is used to bring uip soil samples. Best if used in sand or clay at shallow depths.
WASH BORINGS: Samples are taken with a 2 inch to 4 inch diameter pipe which forces to bring uip the soil mix.
SOIL LOAD TEST: A test if soil settlement.
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Term
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
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Definition
3.1Archi: Site Planning & Design
A multi-use distirict or zone.
Allows for residnetial use in commericial zones and commercial use in industrial zones.
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