What is the principal purpose of architectural programming

To identify the problem while designing is the process of problem solving.

List the five-step method for effective programming.

1. Establish objectives

2. Collect, organize & analyze data

3. Formulate relationships

4. Establish priorities

5. State the problem

Net Square Footage vs Gross Square footage

Net square foot is the useable area. It does NOT include service area, MEP chases and spaces (except in leased buildings), circulation space, walls.

Gross square foot is the entire building measured to the exterior walls.

What is RFQ?

RFP?

RFQ = Request for Quotation.

A standard business process whose purpose is to invite suppliers into a bidding process to bid on specific products or services. RFQ, generally means the same thing as IFB (Invitation For Bid).

RFP = Request for Proposal

Issued at an early stage in a procurement process, where an invitation is presented for suppliers, often through a bidding process, to submit a proposal on a specific commodity or service

What is the Program Outline Format?

What is the objective of a building program?

A building program's objective is to state the functions and purposes the building must serve. The person writing the program must be aware what the building will be used for and any functional criteria pertinent to the building.

What is BIM?

Building Information Modeling

The process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle. BIM involves representing a design as objects – vague and undefined, generic or product-specific, solid shapes or void-space oriented (like the shape of a room), that carry their geometry, relations and attributes. BIM design tools allow for extracting different views from a building model for drawing production and other uses. 

What are the basic human dimensions and why are they important?

The human dimensions are the basis for the standard American architectural sizes and dimensions. It is the basis of the american standard unit of measure and it relates to the basic architectural relationships. Human scale should be considered when designing a space.

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What is building "Efficiency" as it relates to space planning?

It is the net square foot (NSF) divided by gross square foot (GSF) x 100. This gives an efficiency percentage of GSF vs NSF to show how much space is lost in the walls, MEP space, circulation and service spaces. Its usually between 60% and 80%.

5 Phases of the architectural process.

1. Schematic Design - Hardest to estimate time. Usually 1-2 months.

2. Design Development - Time to complete affected by complexity of project. Usually 2-6 months

3. Construction Documents -  Time to complete affected by complexity of project. Usually 3-7 months

4. Bidding and Negotation - Usually 3-6 weeks

5. Construction Administration - 

What are the 3 basic Project Delivery methods (according to the AIA primer PDF)

1. Design-bid-build - 3 prime players (owner, designer, builder). 2 contracts (owner-designer, owner-builder). 3 linear phases (design-bid-build). Final contractor selection based on lowest responsible bid. CD package is typically completed in a single package before construction begins requiring construction-related decisions in advance. Complete specs that produce clear quality standards. Configuration and details of finished product agreed to by all parties before construction begins.

2. Design-build - 2 players (owner-designer/builder). 1 contract (owner-designer/builder). Project-by-project basis for establishing and documenting roles. Overlapping phases (fast track). Some construction related decisions after the start of the project. Overall project planning and scheduling by the design-build entity prior to mobilization (made possible by single point of responsibility).

3. Construction management at risk (CM@R) - 3 prime players (owner, designer, CM@R). 2 contracts (owner-designer, owner-CM@R). Final provider selection based on aspects other than total cost. Overlapping phases (fast track). Hiring of construction manager during design phase. Preconstruction services offered by constructor (such as constructability review, bid climate development and bid management).

The term "at-risk" can relate to the responsibilities of the contractor (who holds trade contracts and takes performance risk) or it is tied to the guaranteed maximum proce (GMP). Take note of this.

What is GMP?

GMP = Guaranteed Maximum Price

Contract is a cost-type contract (also known as an open-book contract) where the contractor is compensated for actual costs incurred plus a fixed fee subject to a ceiling price. The contractor is responsible for cost overruns, unless the GMP has been increased via formal change order (only as a result of additional scope from the client, not price overruns, errors, or omissions). Savings resulting from cost underruns are returned to the owner. This is different from a fixed-price contract (also known as stipulated price contract or lump-sum contract) where cost savings are typically retained by the contractor and essentially become additional profits

Name 5 prototypical organizational forms.

Ring, star, axial, constellation, grid

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Name 5 organizational patterns.

linear, axial, radial, grid, precintual

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Name 5 prototypical structural forms.

Linear, radial, single, multilevel, compact, extended

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In general, what is the optimum house depth (of a theater) relative to the stage depth?

Typical standards indicate the optimal house depth of a theater house is 4x-5x the depth of the stage with a maximum depth of 75'. Depth also should equal about twice the house width when the house width is 3 times the stage width.

Macroclimate

Microclimate

Macroclimate

The general climate of a region defined by the National Weather Service statistics.

Microclimate

The local modification of the macroclimate by the features related to a specific site such as: type of vegetation, elevation, slope, the presence/absence of water, wind velocity and direction, manmade structures.

Where can a designer obtain microclimate information about a site?

From the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

A designer should also "walk the site" and study its features and record pertinent information. Also study any available survey data.

Albedo

The fraction of radiant energy received on a surface that is reflected. On a scale from 0.0 to 1.0

0.0 = Flat black

1.0 = Perfectly reflective i.e. mirror

Conductivity

The speed at which heat passes through a material.

i.e. metals have high conductivity while sand and soild have low.