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| ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey |
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Definition
| A surveying standard jointly proposed by the American Land Title Association and the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping that incorporates elements of the boundary survey, mortgage survey, and topographic survey. |
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| Used to accurately assess the relationship of archaeological sites in a landscape or to accurately record finds on an archaeological site. |
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| A survey carried out during or immediately after a construction project for record, completion evaluation and payment purposes. An ____ survey also known as a 'works as executed survey' documents the location of the recently constructed elements that are subject to completion evaluation. As built surveys are typically presented in red or redline and overlayed over existing design plans for direct comparison with design information. |
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| A survey carried out to map the topography and features of the bed of an ocean, lake, river or other body of water. |
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| A survey that establishes boundaries of a parcel using its legal description, which typically involves the setting or restoration of monuments or markers at the corners or along the lines of the parcel, often in the form of iron rods, pipes, or concrete monuments in the ground, or nails set in concrete or asphalt. |
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| A survey to determine if a structure or object is changing shape or moving. The three-dimensional positions of specific points on an object are determined, a period of time is allowed to pass, these positions are then re-measured and calculated, and a comparison between the two sets of positions is made. |
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| Those surveys associated with the engineering design (topographic, layout and as-built) often requiring geodetic computations beyond normal civil engineering practise. |
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| A survey done to collect the positional data on a foundation that has been poured and is cured. This is done to ensure that the foundation was constructed in the location, and at the elevation, authorized in the plot plan, site plan, or subdivision plan. |
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| Generic term for a survey conducted for the purpose of recording the geologically significant features of the area under investigation. . |
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| A survey conducted with the purpose of mapping the coastline and seabed for navigation, engineering, or resource management purposes. |
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| A building survey to produce plans of the building. such a survey may be conducted before renovation works, for commercial purpose, or at end of the construction process "as built survey" |
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| Mortgage survey or physical survey |
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Definition
| A simple survey that delineates land boundaries and building locations. In many places a mortgage survey is required by lending institutions as a precondition for a mortgage loan. |
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| Soil survey, or soil mapping |
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Definition
| The process of determining the soil types or other properties of the soil cover over a landscape, and mapping them for others to understand and use. |
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| A detailed inspection to report upon the physical condition and structural stability of a building or other structure and to highlight any work needed to maintain it in good repair. |
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| This type of survey is the most basic and inexpensive type of land survey. Popular in the middle part of the 20th century, _____ while being accurate for distance lack substantially in their accuracy of measuring angle and bearing. Standards that are practiced by professional land surveyors. |
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| A survey that measures the elevation of points on a particular piece of land, and presents them as contour lines on a plot. |
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| document that includes information on land elevations, which are indicated either with spot elevations or continuous contours. |
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Term
| what is the maximum slope on which it is feasible to plant grass? |
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| what is the recommended maximum slope for a paved parking area? |
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| a center of interest that people can enter, such as a plaza, a public square, or the intersection of paths. |
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| a point of reference and a device for wayfinding and symbolic identification of an area. |
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| a two-dimensional area that people perceive as having a common identifying character and that is critical to the sense of neighborhood. |
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| a linear element other than a path that forms a boundary between two districts or that breaks continuity. |
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| the area surrounding a land development site, encompassing the population base that the development is meant to serve. |
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| the belief that new buildings should be designed to harmonize with other building and elements in the vicinity. |
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| the statistical data of a population, such as age, income, and so forth. |
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Term
| personal space (personal distance) |
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Definition
| the subjective distance or area surrounding a person's body into which a person feels comfortable allowing others to intrude, depending on the situation. The four types of personal space are intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance. |
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Term
| Planned Unit Development (PUD) |
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Definition
| a large parcel of land, typically with a mix of uses, that has been designed and laid out according to principles approved by the local planning authority and often with citizen input. A PUD is commonly used to develop land in a way that ordinarily would not be allowed based on normal planning and zoning restrictions of a jurisdiction. |
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| a term coined by Edward T. Hall and now used to describe the study of the spatial requirements of humans and the effects of population density on behavior, communication, and social interaction. |
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| a large parcel of land designed to minimize the impact of the automobile on residential development in which access to interior lots is provided by cul-de-sacs branching from surrounding streets and providing one or more open spaces. |
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| the object on which a tax is calculated. |
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| what is the minimum outside radius for an automobile cul-de-sac with no parking? |
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| High point, in the center to ensure positive drainage to either side |
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Definition
| Prevents excessive storm-water runoff on a site from overloading the storm sewer system by temperately holding the water and releasing it at a controlled rate |
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Definition
| Allows sediment to settle while water drains into the ground |
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| pond that temporarily collects water and allows it to be released through absorption into earth. helps recharge water onsite rather than into storm sewer, which is what a catch basin does. |
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| slope is the maximum for automobile ramps where pedestrians are prohibited |
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| maximum slope for automobile ramps where pedestrians are allowed. |
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| Fraction of total precipitation falling on a surface that runs off the surface or is not absorbed into the ground. Ranges from 0.0 - spongy soil to 1.0 - totally waterproof. Q=CIA |
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| Reinforced concrete or masonry retaining walls are usually necessary when the height of the wall exceeds |
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| written document that primarily describes the owner of the property and from whom it was purchased. |
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| a legal description of a subdivided piece of property that includes information on lots, streets, rights-of-way, and easements, among other items |
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| written description of the boundaries of a parcel of land. |
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| or soil engineer, performs test on site and in the laboratory to determine, among other things, the bearing capacity of the soil. |
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| Responsible for design and maintenance of a city's road drainage, which would be part of the storm sewage system. |
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| Multilane roads in each direction with parking lanes, often separated by a planing median or with wide planting areas on both sides. 100 ft. to 130 ft. |
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| are most commonly locate anywhere in the right-of-way from buildable properties |
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| per car to estimate parking lot size if it includes the parking space, access, and fairly efficient driveways |
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| per car to estimate parking spaces, drives, and walkways |
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| minimum width for a sidewalk |
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| Minimum width of circulation in a parking area. |
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| governs the minimum number of parking and loading spaces required on a site. |
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| ADA-ABA Accessibility Guidelines |
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Definition
| gives requirements for the number, size , and configuration of accessible spaces |
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Definition
uniform standards of construction originating in NYC in 1916 to protect the health, welfare and safety of people. Regulates the use of land, light, air, and open space while protecting property values and protecting against nuisances (factories in
residential areas), undesirable businesses (porn shops by schools) and dangers (hazardous chemicals in public areas). |
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| encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site. |
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| A type of zoning variance where a parcel of land may be given an exception from current zoning ordinances due to improvements made by a prior owner or before the current zoning ordinances made the desired use non-conforming under local law. |
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| A building that is permitted in an area that it is not zoned for, to benefit the public (e.g.: an elementary school in a residential neighborhood) |
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Definition
| applied for by an owner on a private site to ask to devaite from an ordinance in order to avoid harship |
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| a change in the zoning ordinance for a particular area |
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| required open space measured between property line and face of building. Used to preserve light, air, and spaciousness. |
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| Utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns. They help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or of potential street widening. |
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Definition
| Legal right of government or another land owner to use one's property for a specific purpose |
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| Prevents development that upsets something scenic to the public. |
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| Valuation of property for the purpose of taxes |
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| Business Improvements Districts |
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Definition
| used to fund public space improvements (new streetscapes/graffiti removal) with the intention that it will enhance an area's appeal. All business owners in district who would benefit pay increased taxes. |
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power of the state to take private property without owner's consent, but with fair market value of the land compensation. Must be used government or public development (highways, railroads, civic center), economic development, or to mandate
an easement for access (public utilities, right of way). |
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Definition
place limitations on the use of the property, typically by original
developers, who determined what land would be used for (live, work, or play) and can't be changed by future owners |
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Definition
limitations and stipulations used in residential settings. Can be
aesthetic (allowable color pallets, vegetation types/pruning, fencing materials) pet control (how many and/or living conditions), or storage related (visibility of parked cars/boats/
campers). |
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Definition
| Commits a buyer to performing duties in the future (e.g. will make payments for common charges in a condo). |
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| If restriction is violated or disregarded, the land will revet back to original owners/heirs. |
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Definition
| Right for people to cross land of another (pathways/cattle drives). |
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| French Drain / Drain Tile |
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Definition
| Is a type of Perimeter foundation subsurface drainage system. |
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| Is the top of the full width plane of a building facade |
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| Commonly regulate the max area of external signage. |
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| Determines the optimum compaction of site fill based out its density and optimum moisture content. |
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Definition
| boring using a drive pipe with a special split sampling pipe at the tip instead of a drill; sampling pipe driven down about 5", then lifted out and the contents removed for analysis; samples taken every 5" |
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| The design load of soil by applying steady increasing loads on a platform placed on the site. |
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Definition
| max slope of a curb cut out (ramp). |
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| Walks should not have a gradient greater than ____. |
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| is the sloping or recessing of successive courses of stone or masonry to help resist soil thrust and overturning. |
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| a temporary construction practice designed to filter water runoff from a construction site and trap sediments before it is washed into drains |
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| allows engineer to estimate shear strength |
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| grain size of soil (for granular soils) |
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| allows engineer to estimate permeability, frost action, compaction, and shear strength |
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Definition
| consolidated mixture of gravel, clay, and sand; good foundation base |
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| clay definition and properties |
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Definition
| fine-grained, firm, cohesive material formed by decomposition and hydration of certain rock; plastic when wet and hard when dry; relatively impervious; swells when it absorbs water |
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Definition
| boring using a drive pipe with a special split sampling pipe at the tip instead of a drill; sampling pipe driven down about 5", then lifted out and the contents removed for analysis; samples taken every 5" |
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| data used to describe climate |
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Definition
| range and distribution of temperatures, hours of sunshine, direction and velocity of wind, precipitation, humidity |
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Definition
| 65-70 degrees with 30-60% relative humidity |
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| ideal orientation for a structure in the northern hemisphere |
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| possible reduction in air conditioning installation and operation costs, due to sun shading devices |
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| maximum wind velocity and corresponding pressure in most of the United States |
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| 70-80 mph, or 13-17 psf at a height of 30' |
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| measure of heat transmission, in BTU/hr that pass through 1 SF of a surface when the air temperature difference is 1 degree F between inside and outside |
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| three paths of water in the water cycle, after falling on land |
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Definition
| runoff, infiltration, evaporation (directly or by transpiration from plants) |
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| geologic features of floodplains |
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Definition
| water table is near the surface, drainage is generally poor, soil is deep and uniform, soil often subject to large volumetric changes when wet |
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Definition
| higher underground zone, where spaces between soil particles contain both water and air |
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Definition
| lower underground zone where all void spaces between soil particles are filled with water |
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| surface forming the irregular boundary between zone of aeration and zone of saturation; the level below which all soil is saturated |
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| effects of high water table on construction |
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Definition
| waterproof basement, basement walls must resist hydrostatic pressure, underground tanks and other structures designed to resist uplift, bearing capacity of foundation soils reduced |
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| underground permeable material through which water flows |
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| sand, gravel, sandstone, some limestones |
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| clay, shale, most metamorphic and igneous rocks |
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| soils in order from greatest to least bearing capacity |
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Definition
| bedrock, shale/slate, boulders, decomposed rock, hardpan, gravel, coarse sand, fine sand, silt/mud, clay |
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