Term
|
Definition
| the two major streets in a Roman town, perpendicular |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Linear |
|
Definition
| in a line, connected by a transportation spine, and used when major circulation occurs between two points. Lacks a focus or center, and can be congested. Typically not used when limited by the availability of land |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Megalopolis |
|
Definition
| an extensive linear arrangement of cities |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Axial |
|
Definition
| like linear but in two directions |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Radial |
|
Definition
| a center core where elements have a common origin or destination. It’s somewhat inflexible, but compact and allows for maximum interaction. |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Grid |
|
Definition
| flexible, compact, and standardized layout of blocks used for complex distribution of uses. Can be boring without points of focus. Used in most US cities. |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Precinctual |
|
Definition
| dispersed activities likely with no center or core. Growth happens in any and all directions, and is flexible efficient, and economical |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Concentric |
|
Definition
| a business center in the core with concentric rings outwards. Rings blend into one another, from Original Business Center > old housing/factories > circa 1900’s suburbs (streetcar suburbs) > post world war II suburbs (low density sprawl) |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Multiple Nuclei Pattern |
|
Definition
several sub centers connected to each other
• Finger plan: development occurs along transportation routes
• Cluster/satellite plan: varying center of activities
• Satellite pattern: like cluster, but with a distinct center (old city center) |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Rectilinear |
|
Definition
| streets and blocks at right angles |
|
|
Term
| Urban Organizational Patterns - Sheet |
|
Definition
| extensive urban area with out focal point, routes, or forms (aka sprawl) |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Hotels |
|
Definition
• Separate public and private spaces from service areas/back of house function
• Services spaces should be available on each floor
• Unit of measure is the bed size, rooms should be sized accordingly (e.g.: a room with a king bed should be proportionally larger than one with a full bed)
• Typical US room size = 12’-6” x 20’-0” |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Suburban Shopping Centers |
|
Definition
• Convenient and easy to access by both automobile and public transportation.
• Typically car-centric, and not pedestrian friendly
• Street Mall = 800’ long (that’s 4 Portland city blocks long!!) with each store given about 20’-30’ of frontage and 120-140’ depth.
• A mix of tenants, shopping, food, and services (dry cleaners, banks, etc)
• Allow 2x parking per building size (1,000 sf building = 2,000 sf parking) |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Schools |
|
Definition
• Separate noisy spaces (gym, cafeteria, commons) from quiet spaces (classrooms)
• Design to mimic surrounding neighborhood character
• Address visibility, acoustics, temperature, human scale (kid sized vs teacher sized), comfort, stimulation, and security
• Design for teaching type (private classrooms, team teaching, open plan, etc.)
• Standard classrooms = 800 - 1,000 sf |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Churches |
|
Definition
• Form is determined by ritual, standards, and history. (e.g. cathedral vs mosque)
• Address sight lines, acoustics, procession, seating, existing congregation size and projected growth
• Historical (pre ecumenical) organization was axial while contemporary organization is more rectangular/circular allowing for intimacy and unity. |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Theaters |
|
Definition
• Stage dimensions, seating and site lines vary with theater type and performance.
• Types of stages include proscenium (most common, audience in front of stage), theater in the round (audience on all sides), thrust stage (audience on three sides)
• Optimum depth of seating is 4-5x the stage width
• Maintain a 30° viewing angle from the front row to the stage |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Hospitals |
|
Definition
• Highly specialized and complex building type
• Standard single patient rooms are 150 sf and double rooms are 200 sf (they share bathroom and lavatory)
• Nurse stations should monitor 25 - 35 beds and be centrally located |
|
|
Term
| Standard Design Principals - Parking |
|
Definition
• Most efficient layout are 90° perpendicular spaces, which allow for the maximum amount of spaces and two way traffic
• The cheapest parking to build is an outdoor lot, then a parking structure, then underground parking |
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - Hospital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - College, Student Union; Court House; Retail Stores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - Apartments; College, Class room & Admin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - Auditoriums; Banks; Restaurant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies ‐ Jails/Prisons; Office |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - Department Store |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Building Efficiencies - Garage, Service |
|
Definition
|
|
