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| architectural system composed of columns and entablature taken together |
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| set of rules that designates how a monument or object is to be desined and bult, and then is meant to be followed when trying to create an example of the type of object to which the canon applies. |
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| one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture: |
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| a low-pitched triangular gable on the front of some buildings in the Grecian or Greek Revival style of architecture. |
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| a series of columns set at regular intervals, usually supporting a roof or series of arches |
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a slender upright structure, generally consisting of a cylindrical shaft, a base, and a capital; pillar: it is usually a supporting or ornamental member in a building
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| a decoration consisting of long, rounded grooves, as in a column |
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| the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in the Ionic or Corinthian order—decorated withbas-reliefs. |
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| a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. |
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| Roman architect, engineer, and author of the celebrated treatise De architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman architects. |
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a form of brickwork used in ancient Roman architecture. It consists of diamond-shaped bricks of tufa which are placed around a core of opus caementicium.
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| one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture. Delicate and enlarged. |
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| any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices and votive offerings are made for religious purposes, or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place |
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is a structure attached to a building, forming a covered entrance to a vestibule or doorway. It is external to the walls of the main building proper, but may be enclosed by screen, latticework, broad
windows, or other light frame walls extending from the main structure.
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| A long, slender part of a pillar that adds support to an overhanging structure. Part of the column between the base and capital |
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| to become smaller or thinner toward one end. (what the columns did) |
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structural member of a Doric frieze, separating two consecutive metopes, and consisting typically of a rectangular block with two vertical grooves or glyphs, and two chamfers or half grooves at the
sides, together counting as a third glyph, and leaving three flat vertical bands on the face of the block.
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Acroteria (flocal/figural)
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| a pedestal for a sculpture or ornament at each base or at the apex of a pediment. |
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The Forum Boarium was the open space close to the Tiber which was home to Rome's large meat and fish market. The two small temples standing in this area are the best preserved temples from Rome's republican period
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| an ancient Roman construction technique. It can constist in a mix of opus reticulatum and, at the angles and the sides, opus latericium; or of opus vittatum and opus testaceum. It was used in particular during the age of Emperor Hadrian. |
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| one of the three biggest classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. It is the most ornate, characterized by a slender fluted column and an elaborate capital decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. The other two orders were theDoric and the Ionic. When classical architecture was revived during the Renaissance, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order. |
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| Lowest part of a building, below the ground level, providing a firm base for what is above, by which the load is transferred to the ground underneath. Very heavy buildings, such as high-rise, normally require deep foundations on piles, but for lighter structures, such as one- or two-storey houses, trenches into which concrete is poured to provide a base for the footings of the walls will usually suffice. Certain ground conditions might require a reinforced-concrete ‘raft’, which covers the site and widely distributes the load. |
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is the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture, or a shop facing the street in domestic Roman architecture
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| Any of the cylindrical stone blocks that are stacked to form the shaft of a column. A circular or polygonal wall supporting a dome or cupola |
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Any of the spaces between two triglyphs on a Doric frieze.
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| Having a single row of columns on all sides |
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large rectangular blocks of stone placed one on top of the other without mortar, kept in place by their weight
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| was a construction technique using bricks. It was first used in the first century BCE, and it was the dominant construction technique throughout the imperial period. Many of the large imperial structures, such as the imperial baths of Rome, were built in opus latericium |
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| an order of Classical architecture, developed in Rome, that combines characteristics of both the Ionic order and the Corinthian order. |
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in architecture, any of various elements that form the “foot,” or base, of a structure, such as a raised pedestal or base, a low wall supporting columns, or the structurally or decoratively emphasized lowest portion of a wall. Sometimes the basement story of a building may be treated as a podium. The podium is usually designed with a modeled base and plinth at the bottom; a central surface known as a die, or dado; and a projecting cornice, or cap. Major Roman examples can be seen in the Maison Carrée (c. 12 bc) in Nîmes, France, and the Temple of Fortuna Virilis (c. 40 bc) in the Forum Boarium at Rome.
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cast as a single piece. Formed or composed of material without joints or seams
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| the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and are commonly divided into the architrave, the frieze and the cornice |
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a moulded or ornamental band framing a rectangular opening.
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a small tooth-shaped block used as a repeating ornament in the bedmould of acornice
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| Applied, attached, semi-engaged, inserted, or seemingly partly buried in a wall or pier, such as a column with half or more of its shaft visible, quite distinct from a pilaster. A fluted engaged column with more or less than half its shaft exposed creates difficulties at the junction with the wall because of the entasis unless the whole shaft is tilted back towards the wall |
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construction technique, using irregular shaped and random placed uncut stones or fist-sized tufa blocks inserted in a core of opus caementicium. Initially it consisted of more careful placement of the coementa (rock fragments and small stones mixed with concrete), making the external surface as plain as possible. Later the external surface became further plain by reducing usage of concrete and choosing more regular small stones. When the use of concrete between stones is particularly reduced, it is defined opus (quasi) reticulatum.
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