A prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally under an earth mound.

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prehistoric monument in the form of  single upright stone.

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Stone or brickwork, using huge irregular stones laid with out mortar.

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Buit of huge irregular stones.

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temple open to the sky, Ex. Ephesos temple of Artemis. without a roof the light attracts you to the cella. 

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An ancient Greek city state, usually with n acropolis and agora. the larger political unit created through the amalgamation of small towns and villages.

A shallow, vertical, concave groove on a column shaft or pilaster in a series.

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In a classical order, the middle horizontal division of an entablature, the elaborate beam that a column supports. Is often decorated with sculpture.

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A covered entranceway or porch with columns on one or more sides.

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Oracle of Delphi sactuary of Apollo

-Struggle between natural and human forces response to the world around it.

-New focus on the individual, right to private propery, equals bound by their own desicion making, clear boarder between public and private.

-Luminous presence of roght angles and sharp geometries, a monument of a vital abstraction. 

-  Doric Order: The most massive of the three columns, has a plain capital,  a fluted shaft and no base.

-Peristyle allowed clear view of internal statue. Limited with to keep center isle unobstructed

-Shift to more perminent materials. Terracota tiles, false back porch to the megaron. Public statues of young men andwomen began to people the peripheries of temples

Citadel of Mycenae 120 BCE Built by the Mycenaean culture on the Greek mainland.

-The citadel represents the first major architectural episode of Greek culture.

-Contained a MEGARON, which was the central feature of the Mycenaean palaces. It was a columnated structure with 4 columns surrounding a hearth in the middle. It had an entrance, an inter-medial space and a space for worship.

-The citadel also contained the Lions Gate. Which was an entrance into the citadel. The stones represent corbelling, where each stone extends its self more and more on top of the other to make an arch like appearance.

Kouros: Briton 600 BC built by the Archaic Greeks LOCATION?

- Represents the rebirth of large scale stone sculptures. These were public statues of young men singled out for athletic prowess or exceptional virtue seen on the periphery of the temple. Existed as a civic monuments, generalized presence honoring the city through its choice citizens. Egyptian influence is still evident in this statue.

Temple of Artemis: Corfu  580 BC, Kerkyra Greeks.

-Temple lifted on a platform.

-length and with of the platform would determine the number of columns as well as there spacing.

- The spacing also depended upon the lower diameter of the columns, which in turn would dictate their heights.

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Ur residential area plan. 1600 BC(?) in Mesopotamia, Ur(Iraq) Culture(?)

-The city was enclosed by a wall and surrounded by suburban villages

-2 main monumental centers, the Ziggurat and the palace.

-The city was a blend of residential and commercial architecture with streets (3M mostly pedestrian traffic though some carts) and alleys throughout.

- After the wall was built lad was precious and private property had high value

- Houses were grouped into congested blocks where shared walls were common.

-Architects designed perfect house plans, rectangles divided neatly into orthogonal rooms around a central living space, But the reality of a living town did not work with the conceptual order of the Architect. Each house was compelled to fit into a predetermined space usually irregular.

-Houses were built on top of ruins where the ruins were used as the foundation.

- The houses only had windows facing inward toward the interior courtyard.

UR Schematic plan of the city

-The temple was constructed as the heart of the city along with the palace. Existing buildings clearly defined plans of architects because older buildings were used for the foundation of new ones

-It was an organic settlement with no clear begining or end.

-Religious institutions were the most important, central part of the city with its own walls.

-Upper class houses were on the streets, lower class houses were on the alley.

Ziggurat 1600BC Ur (Iraq) CULTURE(Mesopotamian)

-Was a temple in the heart of the city. It stood on a tremendous platform, from which it got its name. the temple door faced southwest so the 4 corners pointed in the four cardinal directions.

-Ziggurat was conceived as a substitute mountain, it was though of as a ladder that the Gods used to descend into the city and it also represented the climb of human service. It was a way to come into contact with the super human power that held the secret of their destiny. Clearly demarcated religious structure. One of the first relationships between religious and other authorities.

Ephesos: Temple of Artemis 560 to 550 BC

-Hypethral temple, gave way to an open air center that uses light to enhance he inner temple (cella?) enter through a double peristyle.

Kritios Boy, Greek 490-480 BC

-Young athlete, stood free of a square frame.

Laning on one leg, distributes it weight subtly and unevenly.

-Muscles articulate the vitality of real flesh

-Head turn to side and gently inclined forward to suggest introspection, thought, the mind beneath the stone surface.

-Civilized.