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Definition
| controlled digging, designed to allow recording of artifact proveniences in three dimensions |
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Definition
| excavation method which emphasizes digging relatively small horizontal areas of a site to the bottom of the cultural deposits |
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Definition
| excavatoin method with emphasizes digging relatively large horizontal areas of a site to the bottom of the cultural deposits |
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| wall of earth left between units during excavation to preserve a portion of the strata for reference and later recording |
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| an excavation level that includes dirt from only one stratum |
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Definition
| an excavation level that is of arbitrary thickness (i.e. 10cm, 6 inches) |
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| point provenience (piece-plotting) |
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Definition
| plotting provenience precisely for each individual artifact |
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Definition
| recording artifact provenience by the excavation unit and level from which the artifacts were recovered |
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| separating light-weight materials, esp. floral remains, from soil using flowing water on chemicals to float the materials to the surface. |
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| an object used to supplement the body in dealing with the environment |
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Definition
| a rock that is very fine-grained, with mineral cysts that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. |
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Definition
| cryptocrystalline rock formed in cavities in chalk |
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Definition
| cryptocrystalline rock formed in cavities in limestone |
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Definition
| removing large discrete pieces (flakes) from a piece of fine-grained stone using percussion or pressure |
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Definition
| a relatively thin and flat piece of stone removed from a core by percussion or pressure |
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Definition
| a piece of stone from which flakes have been removed. |
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Definition
| a piece of stone used to strike flakes from a core. |
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Term
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Definition
| the concave mark left on a core when a flake is removed from it |
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Definition
| a flat place on the core and the top of the flake, where a blow was struck to remove a flake |
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Definition
| a thick place on the top inside of a flake, representing the point of greatest force that traveled through the flake when it was struck off the core |
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Definition
| a method of removing flakes from a core by striking the core with a stone hammer |
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Definition
| a method of removing flakes from a core by striking the core with a hammer made of antler, bone, or wood |
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Definition
| a soft hammer used in flintknapping |
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Definition
| a method of removing flakes from a core by applying pressure to the edge of the core |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of steps by which to produce flakes that are all similar in size and shape |
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Definition
| a flake that is at least twice as long as it is wide |
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Definition
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Definition
| a flaked stone artifact taht has had flakes removed from two sides |
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Definition
| a series of steps by which bifaces are produced |
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Definition
| an unfinished biface, usually indicated by it being thick, with sinuous edges, often with cortex not completely removed |
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Definition
| weathered outer surface of a piece of rock |
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Definition
| course-grained stone shaped, either by use or by manufacture, by pecking, grinding, and/or polishing |
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Term
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Definition
| removing grain-size pieces from a rock by pounding it with another rock |
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Definition
| removing grain sized pieces from a rock by rubbing it with a course abrasive |
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Definition
| removing grain-size pieces from a rock by rubbing it with a fine abrasive |
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Definition
| traces of wear, such as small flake scars, striations, or polish, resulting from tool use |
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Definition
| kinds of tool breakage resulting from interaction with the environment during manufacutre or use |
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Definition
| identification of mineral, plant, and animal residues left on tools from use |
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Term
| resharpening(rejuvenation) |
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Definition
| reworking a tool to renew a dull or broken portion |
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Definition
| making, using, and analyzing wear, breakage, residues, etc. on the tools in order to better understand archaeological examples |
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Definition
| artificially bonded non-metallic earth elements |
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| a broken piece of a pottery vessel |
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| non-plastic material added to the clay in pottery making |
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Definition
| the clay used in pottery making, after cleaning and preparation |
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Definition
| a method of shaping pottery by making coils of clay, stacking them on top of one another, then welding the coils together using the fingers and tools |
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Definition
| a method of shaping pottery by forming the shape with the fingers |
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Definition
| a method of shaping pottery by placing the clay in a mold |
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Definition
| applying a liquid clay coat to the surface of a ceramic item after drying but before firing |
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Term
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Definition
| applying mineral or organic pigment to the surface of a ceramic item, after drying and either before or after firing |
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Definition
| a chemical process by which oxygen is removed from the air during firing; the oxygen bonds with minerals (often iron) in a ceramic; oxidation of iron produces red to light brown colors |
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Definition
| a chemical process by which oxygen is removed from the ceramic during firing, producing gray to black colors |
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Definition
| a ceramic shape in the form of an animal, human, or some other object |
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