Term
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Definition
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Term
| Did the east or west get colonized more quickly? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the supposed founding of rome? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the foundation of Rome really begin and end? |
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Definition
| began 9th c. BC finished 7th c. BC |
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Term
| Earliest written history when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rome straddles what major river? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages to the Tiber being in Rome? |
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Definition
-one of the few points you can cross the river is in rome
-the river is navigable up to Rome
-can control navigation on the coast |
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Term
| What are some challenges in the Tiber river? |
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Definition
-rain seasons in spring and fall
-river flooded for weeks every year
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Term
| What is the landscape of Rome like? |
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Definition
-group of hills (the seven hills of Rome)
-all separated by deep valleys (about 6 m above sea level)
-40 m above sea level
-separate villages on separate hills
-Capitoline and Palatine came together with a square inbetween by end of 7th c. BC |
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Term
| How much dirt, human accumulation under the collesium? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pozzo burial from the forum necropolis |
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Term
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Definition
-8th-9th century BC
-hut urn from Palatine
-made of fired clay (terra cotta)
-wide mouth, roof on top
-burner, jars with food, little swords or figurines |
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Term
| where were tombs located? |
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Definition
Low areas, such as Forum valley between capitoline and Palatine
-places where one could not live |
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Term
| Modern word from Palatine |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern place from Capitoline (hint, washington) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Iron Age hut from Palatine (9th-8th c. BC)
-from summit of Palatine
-bedrock with postholes indicates presence of a hut
-reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
8th century Palatine wall
-it was said that Romulus made a wall on Palatine
-remains of an 8th, 7th, and 6th century wall.
-the rubble wall is 8th c. BC |
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Term
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Definition
Regia (plan)
-early 6th century BC
Acquarossa-like
-collonaded courtyard
-ritual space of king |
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Term
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Definition
Atrium Vestae
-recreation rooms with collonaded courtyards
6 rooms for 6 vestals |
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Term
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Definition
| Temple of Vesta (round temple) with Palatine hill in background. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forum Romanum 4th century BC |
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Term
| How did the Forum Romanum come to be? |
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Definition
| started as a bridge between Capitoline and Palatine and Palatine and Avenine. took 150 yrs to build. |
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Term
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Definition
Gjerstad's Section of the Forum
stratigraphy beneath the forum
-level 23 is first gravel floor.
-supposed evidence of huts (adobe found) was really soil from the hilltops |
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Term
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Definition
Plan of Cloaca Maxima (the great drain)
-6th century BC
-bottom is capitoline, top is palatine
-about 10 ft across |
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Term
| what kind of goddess is Vesta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the 6 Vestals? |
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Definition
| keep the flame from going out, supposed to remain virgins |
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Term
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Definition
Regia, which is the earliest form of a palace.
-quarters for the king and his family |
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Term
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Definition
where general assembly was held
-marked by a depression in the ground |
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Term
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Definition
where the senate would meet
-council of elders |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, 6th century BC
-deep collonaded front
3 cellae in back
wooden columns. |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Jupiter at Capitoline
columns and terra cotta like etruscan temples
3 inner shrines to 3 gods: Jupiter, Hera, Minerva |
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Term
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Definition
Portonaccio Temple plan
-located in Veii
-Etruscan temple |
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Term
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Definition
| Portonaccio Temple at Veii |
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Term
| What does creating a temple do with religion? |
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Definition
| takes an existing thing and creates a new function. now religion serves as a way to unite people of a community. if you belong to that group of people you worship their god. |
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Term
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Definition
| religious procession/military parade with a predefined route that ends on Capitoline. offer loot to Jupiter (though often the generals keep a lot for themselves) |
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Term
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Definition
Section of Sant Omobono Sanctuary
-faces out toward the river
-cult of Fortuna |
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Term
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Definition
Rome. Plan of the Temple complex at S. Omobono (Forum Boarium)
-Hercules, appeals to traders
nextdoor to temple of hercules |
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Term
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Definition
Reconstruction Temple of Fortuna
-goddess Fortuna, goddess of Fortune
-worshipped esp by traders
no exclusion of others
-terra cotta with columns in front |
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Term
| what does Euander mean in ancient greek? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does Omobono mean in Italian? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does territorial conquest begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take Rome to conquer the Mediterranean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What major cities are expanding in parallel with Rome? |
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Definition
| Syracus, Carthage, Sicily, Macedonia |
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Term
| Rome's first conquer in expansion and how they went about it |
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Definition
| Veii. Formed a permanent army, introduce military pay, 10 year siege of city. moved it's citizens into Rome to make Rome bigger. They give the former veii citizens a stake in the roman expansion so they won't try to remake Veii. Veii was desireable b/c of control over the Tiber. |
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Term
| Greek way of conquering another city |
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Definition
| placing a relative as king and try to control politically |
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Term
| What are the last 2 players in the conquering game (end of 3rd c. BC)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
| Hannibal (Carthagenean king) takes an army across the alps and runs down coast of italy. he beats the romans several times but in the end Rome wins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communities all over Italy were contributing to Roman army and most thought that Rome was the lesser of two evils and believed that Rome would win. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of a Roman colony |
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Definition
-everyone has full citizenship
-only smaller settlements or key locations
-citizens can vote in Roman elections
-if they come to Rome they are like Romans |
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Term
| characteristics of a Latin Colony |
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Definition
-magistrates acquire Roman citizenship and their descendants so that over time they become powerful
-can marry someone Roman
-do not have to be Latin or Roman to get Latin citizenship |
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Term
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Definition
| Aerial view of Syracuse. This is a city-state founded by Greeks in Sicily. It started expanding and creating an empire at about the same time as Rome, in the 4th century BC. Eventually it bacame absorbed within the Roman empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is an arieal view of the city of Tarquinia. Founded by the Etruscans (see Iron Age Italy), it also started expanding when Rome did. Syracuse, Tarquinia, Massalia (in S France) and, above all, Carthage (in N Africa) were the competitors of Rome in creating a Mediterranean Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| map with original relief of Rome and its main roads |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Potunus in the Forum Boarium
-Portunus is god of the river harbor |
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Term
| What happened to Rome's senate as Rome was founding new colonies? |
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Definition
| Became first national senate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The walls of Norba (Latin Colony)
-change in building techniques
-polygonal masonry
-4th c BC |
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Term
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Definition
| Plan of Latin colony Alba Fucens, founded 303 BC |
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Term
| What can you say about alba fucens? |
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Definition
started with at least 3000 colonists to control Samnites
less than 100 miles from rome, latin colony, mountains east of rome, mostly mountain shepards.
-high reliefs, natural defense. 3 peaks over 1000 m above sea level.
-one of the largest centers for wool trade |
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Term
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Definition
thorn in Roman's side.
-from 4th c BC Romans send armies there in the mountains but they are hard to control
-3rd c BC Semetic wars had mixed success
-eventually just created alba fucens |
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Term
| how did Romans control the Samnites? |
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Definition
| They gave them a good reason to stop resisting. we see early signs of orthoneal planning here. elongated blocks like Paestum |
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Term
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Definition
| covered structure, circular marketplace, livestock sold here |
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Term
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Definition
| Roman maritime colony late 4th c. BC, military outpost of Rome, 2 main roads much like the army camps |
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Term
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Definition
| Latin Colony, founded 273 BC, previously a Greek city, founded in 6th c BC but taken over by 4th c. BC. The population remains mostly the same, |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded same time as Paestum, another Latin colony |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd c. BC, was occupied by Gauls, Po Plain, fertile land. parmesan cheese. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bononia, modern day Bologna |
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Term
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Definition
| Forum Basilica, Circular market |
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Term
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Definition
| Plan of Ostia, 4th c. BC, dotted line shows outline of castrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| air view of Paestum, in modern day Naples area |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Luni
founded in 181 BC
Roman Colony
orthoneal blocks
-boundary btw N Etruria and the Alps |
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Term
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Definition
-Cosa
-Gate on northern end, temple on southern end
-forum off to one side
-rectangular towers |
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Term
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Definition
The Basilica at Cosa
-built 2nd c. BC
-pitched roof to allow sunlight in |
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Term
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Definition
Cosa, Comitium, and Curia
-comitium (first version datesto 3rd c. BC) was a square of open space with wide round stone steps
-seats about 600
-altar in middle
-vote and couldn't come back in. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Capitolium of Cosa
-3rd c. BC
-visible from the sea
-mudbrick and wooden columns |
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Term
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Definition
| to the North in Etruria, western coast of Italy |
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Term
| How do we know Cosa was not very popular? |
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Definition
-they had to have a second wave of settlers.
-too obvious, too visible
-not much access to water
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Term
| Why was the curia roofed over? |
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Definition
| not public, counsel house |
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Term
How many basilica are in Rome?
-What does basilica mean in Greek? |
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Definition
2 outside the forum
-areas of the basilica could be roped off for trials, etc
-basilica means royal
-Roman invention |
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Term
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Definition
| large space roofed over w/central section raised to let light in |
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Term
| What are basilicas today? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of uniformity in Rome |
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Definition
creates a system where a citizen is familar with the city even if they've never been there.
-helps with resettlement |
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Term
| Roads had existed before _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Rome handle roads around Samnite heartland? |
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Definition
| doesn't build roads through Samnite land b/c they want the land to be safe |
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Term
| What was the first major road and when was it built? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Via Flamenia built? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Roman roads like? |
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Definition
as wide and straight as possible
-paved with Basaltic stone volcanic lava |
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Term
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Definition
"The Cut Road"
-cut into the rock, only a few hundred meters
-no paving |
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Term
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Definition
Cover almost entire extent of Italy
-all roads lead to Rome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Road Building
-slave version of steamroller
-drains on side so it won't flood |
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Term
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Definition
Bridge building
-concrete pillars
-pump water out of box
-will set even in moist conditions |
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Term
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Definition
Augustan Bridge
-Via Flamenia
in Po Plain, wide rivers
-Ariminium |
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Term
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Definition
Arch of Augustus
-commemorative for finishing road
-Flaminia |
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Term
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Definition
Cut for Roman Road
-very smooth |
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Term
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Definition
Milestone
-emporer had been rebuilding roads
-roads remind travellers who built or fixed the road |
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Term
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Definition
Falerii Novi. Cuniculus
-central Italy
-volcanic plateau
-as early as 6th century BC
-vertical shafts help supply water even during a siege |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| directing water at Pompeii |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| outside of cistern at Pompeii |
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Term
| When were aqueducts used? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the transition made from small farm to elite residences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most respectable activity in Rome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Auditorium site
-earliest villa
-Pete
-5th c. BC |
|
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Term
| when did individual farms start popping up around Southern Rome and Etruria? |
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Definition
| end of the 6th century BC |
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Term
| By 2nd c BC what was very popular (to live in)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rustic part of a villa where production happens |
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Term
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Definition
| urban/living part of the villa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Boscoreale Villa
-fairly modest, no peristyle or distinction between parts
huge wine storage
-oil press |
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Term
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Definition
Pompeii Villa of Mysteries
-second home for wealthy people
most of villa is urban part |
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Term
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Definition
Villa of Mysteries
-next to major road outside of the city
-peak 1st c BC |
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Term
| agricultural production was partly dependent on what "resource"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Metepontum
-similar small farms everywhere
-3rd, 4th c BC |
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Term
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Definition
| square/rectangular yeard collonaded on all 4 sides |
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Term
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Definition
| banquet hall with couches |
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Term
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Definition
| head of the house sits in state there |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is significance of wine |
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Definition
-social status
-roman's are first to discuss quality of wine
-being able to offer your own wine is important |
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Term
| where did the word economy come from? |
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Definition
| greek for house and manage |
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Term
| What center was Appentine to Roman economics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the 3 big agricultural goods of Rome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
wine press
-note the drain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Roman shipwreck
-dates to about 1st c. BC |
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Term
| When did Romans exploit glass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was had the pop. of Rome reached by 1st c. BC? |
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Definition
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