Term
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Definition
| artifacts of fired clay (pottery) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Neolithic Revolution, 10,000 years ago |
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Definition
| Approximately when and where pottery began? |
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Term
| Efficient cooking, reuse, storage |
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Definition
| What pottery was used for? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is pottery storage mainly used for? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Efficienct cooking, reuse, and storage in pottery= |
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Term
| obtain clay, temper added, form, vessel surface smoothed, pre-firing decoration, fire the pot, post-firing decoration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What temper is added to make the pot stronger? |
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Term
| sand, shell, grog, "grit", fiber, bone, limestone, ash, fossil shells |
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Definition
| What are different kinds of temper? |
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Term
| coiling, wheel, molds/moulds |
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Definition
| Different ways to form a pot? |
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Term
| incising, paddle stamping, dentate, cordmaking, fabric marking, pinching, punctate, slipping |
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Definition
| Different pre-firing decorations? |
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Term
| painting, burnishing, engraving |
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Definition
| Different post-firing decorations? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In surveying, most sites are... |
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Term
| find and record and obtain sample of artifacts |
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Definition
| What is the purpose of surveying? |
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Term
| open field, shovel-testing |
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Definition
| Two types of pedestrian surveys? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which pedestrian survey is used as much as possible? |
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Term
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Definition
| Plowed fields, eroded areas, deserts, crew set at even intervals (e.g. every 10 m), walk and look, artifact spotted=site! |
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Term
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Definition
| Vegetated areas, crew set at even intervals (e.g. every 30 m), holes dug at set intervals, dirt screened (quarter inch mesh), artifacts=site. |
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Term
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Definition
| If you can't afford to cover a site completely, you can use.... |
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Term
| random sampling (boxes), stratified random sampling (each environment), transects (straight line down the middle) |
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Definition
| Different kinds of sampling? |
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Term
| artifacts and patterns, soils, locations, features, climate, vegetation, nearest water, elevation, human remains, age, landowner, number of occupations, size, weather, crew, methods, ETC! |
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Definition
| When sites are found, what basic information is recorded? |
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Term
OPEN FIELD: General Surface Collection (GSC), Controlled Surface Collection (CSC), "Siteless" Survey
SHOVEL TESTING: tests dug on transects until no more artifacts |
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Definition
| When sites are found, what are representative samples of artifacts collected? |
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Term
| stuff picked up until large collection made |
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Definition
| What is a General Surface Collection? |
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Term
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Definition
| General Surface Collection is what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Problems with General Surface Collection? |
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Term
| site gridded off, artifacts kept separate by unit (e.g. 2x2 m) |
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Definition
| What is a Controlled Surface Collection? |
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Term
| preserves spatial patterns in artifacts |
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Definition
| What do Controlled Surface Collections do? |
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Term
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Definition
| Problems with Controlled Surface Collection? |
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Term
| individual artifacts mapped in place, collected |
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Definition
| What is a "Siteless" Survey? |
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Term
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Definition
| "Siteless" Survey has what? |
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Term
| very slow, more expensive than others |
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Definition
| Problems with "Siteless" Survey? |
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Term
| scientific recovery of artifacts from beneath tthe earth's surface |
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Definition
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Term
| pure research or in the way |
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Definition
| Excavation sites are chosen because... |
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Term
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Definition
| Why is it very rare to dig the entire site? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is used instead of digging the entire excavation site? |
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Term
| judgemental, random, stratified random, use a csc as a guide, use geophysics, transects, block excavation (used to expose features) |
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Definition
| Types of sampling in excavating sites? |
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Term
| establish a datum or reference point and then orient your grid |
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Definition
| Steps to excavating a site? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| consider long term survival (e.g. set in concrete) |
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Definition
| When placing a benchmark you should.. |
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Term
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Definition
| By using a benchmark, elevation can be... |
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Term
| layed out and all vertical and horizontal measurements are referenced |
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Definition
| From the benchmark point, the grid is what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Excavation units are designated by.. |
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Term
| a point for which the unit is named, materials are tracked |
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Definition
| The x-y coordinate of an excavation units is what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of directions can your excavation grid have? |
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Term
| true north, magnetic north, grid north |
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Definition
| What are the three different types of North? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which north? -North Pole, adjust for declination |
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Term
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Definition
| Which North? -changes=declination |
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Term
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Definition
| Which North? -e.g. to follow landforms, or building layouts, etc. (record relationship to other Norths) |
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Term
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Definition
| What size can an excavation unit be? |
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Term
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Definition
| What size are excavation units usually? |
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Term
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Definition
| One corner of excavation unit can be designated as what? |
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Term
| relative to the benchmark |
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Definition
| Elevation in an excavation unit is known relative to what? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when an artifact is measured in place |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the dirt has to 1/4" to window screen |
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Definition
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Term
| arbritrary levels (e.g. 10 cm) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Natural levels follow what? |
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Term
| when the archaeologists hits the "bottom" (e.g. rock, no more artifacts) |
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Definition
| When is an excavation unit considered sterile? |
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Term
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Definition
| How are features excavated? |
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Term
-draw, photo in plan (top-down)
-bisect, excavate half
-draw, photo in profile (side view)
-dirt processed via flotation |
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Definition
| How are features excavated? |
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Term
| when the artifacts/features are immersed in water (e.g. charred plant remains floating) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How is the side of a unit recorded? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the drawing of the sides of a unit show? |
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Term
| satellites, aerial photography, geophysics |
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Definition
| What are different types of Remote Sensing in Archaeology? |
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Term
| finds big sites and also monitors activities at the sites |
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Definition
| What is satellite imagery? |
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Term
| indications of cultural features detected |
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Definition
| What is aerial photography? |
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Term
| soil marks, crop/vegetation marks, shadow marks, frost marks, alignments, etc. |
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Definition
| What are some examples that are found in aerial photography? |
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Term
| the use of geophysics methods |
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Definition
| What is archaeogeophysics? |
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Term
| Magnetic Susceptibility/Magnetometry, Electrical Resistivity, Electromagnetic Conductivity, Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) |
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Definition
| What are the methods used in geophysics? |
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Term
| the degree of soil magnetism |
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Definition
| What is Magnetic Susceptibility/Magnetometry? |
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Term
| there are variations in soil magnetism and fired clay (bricks, daub) is found |
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Definition
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Term
| Two dimensional, not depth |
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Definition
| What kind of data is used in a magnetic survey? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is one problem when dealing with magnetic surveys? |
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Term
| earth's resistance to an electrical current |
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Definition
| What is Electrical Resistivity? |
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Term
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Definition
| Compared to other geophysic methods, Electrical Resistivity is... |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of data is used in Electrical Resistvity? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are problems with Electrical Resistivity? |
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Term
| degree to which the soil conducts an electric current |
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Definition
| What is Electromagnetic Conductivity? |
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Term
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Definition
| Electromagnetic Conductivity is sensitive to what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the problem with Electromagnetic Conductivity? |
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Term
| differential reflection of radar pulses emitted into the ground |
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Definition
| What is a Ground-penetrating Radar? |
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Term
| 3 dimensional, uses depth |
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Definition
| What kind of data is used in a Ground-penetrating Radar? |
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Term
| grave pits, cisterns, and wells |
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Definition
| What are normally found with a Ground-penetrating Radar? |
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Term
| rapid means for evaluating large areas of the sub-surface |
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Definition
Geophysical methods provide what?
(contribution) |
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Term
| preliminary model of site structure |
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Definition
| What kinds of model does geophysics provide? (contribution) |
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Term
| non-invasive and non-destructive |
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Definition
| Geophysics methods are what? (contribution) |
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Term
| by allowing targeted excavation |
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Definition
| How do geophysics methods increase data recovery efficiency? |
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Term
| provide info from which feature maps can be made |
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Definition
| How do geophysics methods provide information? (contribution) |
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Term
| to controlled surface collection |
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Definition
| Geophysics methods are a good complement to what? (contribution) |
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Term
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Definition
| Different geophysics method show.. (contribution) |
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Term
| complementary, not redundant |
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Definition
| Geophysics methods are what to traditional methods? (contribution) |
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