Beaux Arts Education

-studied history

-History and Tradition

-learned from it but didn't imitate it

JKF Library (1979) Boston

I.M.Pei

-sculptural 

-Architectural↔Sculptural↔Architectural

International Place (1986) Boston

Philip Johnson

-Seraleon Windows (ugly :P)

American Telephone and Telegraph Building (1979) Boston

Philip Johnson

-Post Modernist

-Johnson=changing constantly 

-Seraleon

Louis Kahn 

(1901/2-1974)

-Influenced tudents through teaching

-immigrant that grew up in Philly

-Monumentality and Timelessness

-History and Tradition (Beaux Arts Edu.)

-1968 Civil Rights Protest

-Paraletto Social Change

Yale University Art Gallery (1953) New Haven CT

Louis Kahn

-Area of student and social unrest

-Free art gallery

-Rationality-> not know who did it (universal)

-only Exterior is glass box

The Architecture of Louis Kahn

Monumentality and Timelessness

*Par=: a fundamental generaIng idea

*Space, structure, geometry, light, materials

• Beaux Arts EducaIon:
– Symmetry, axiality, ordered massing, classicism – History and tradiIon 

Yale University Art Gallery (1953) New Haven CT

Louis Kahn

-Modern Art (new ways to display)

-only Exterior is glass box

-Classical in plan with new ideals

-Interior (light, geomerty, parti)

-Richardsonian Inspired

Richards Medical Center (1965) Philadephia

Louis Kahn

-links spaces, discreatly

-Axis

-Servent Spaces

-Regular, geometric spaces-linked on axis

Salk Institute (1965) La Jolla, CA

Louis Kahn

-Idea of Infinity

-How does scientist work in this building?

-Client and architect

-Like Jefferson House (Virginia University)

Salk Institute (1965) La Jolla, CA

Louis Kahn

-Idea of Infinity

-No "fancy" landscape

-nothing to block horizon (infinity)

-Infinity Pools

Exeter Library (1972) Exeter, NH

Louis Kahn

-Influence from Boullee (imposible buildings)

-Library with circle windows 

-Personal reading nooks next to window

-opposite of free facade, free plan, & ribbon windows

-none of Corbu. 5 points

Kimbell Art Museum (1972) Fortworth, TX

Louis Kahn

-Barrel Vaults

           -not pure circle geomertys

           -Roman built tech

           -Span Large Concrete

-Not pertical loved when built

-Poured Concrete

-Infulenced by Boullee National Library (1285)

           -Studied History

-Lessons of modernism

Kimbell Art Museum (1972) Fortworth, TX

Louis Kahn

-Lessons of Modernism

-Simplicity (no decorative material)

-no realization of connection to outside influnece

-Almost Pure plan

Bangladesh National Assembly Building (1983) Darcca

Louis Kahn

-Provife building that responds to new building

type (in area)

-What does this building represent?

-Extremely symetrical plan

-Bozart Prinicpal

-Raised on brick plynth

-Assembly place in middle 

Bangladesh National Assembly Building (1983) Darcca

Louis Kahn

-Assembly place in middle; most important (heart)

-servent space, perimiter

-Lucid pure geomerty, river house

-influnce from Bank of London

Guild House (1962) Philadelphia

Robert Venturi

-influenced by Kahn (student)

-thermal windows

-did simple sketches/diagrms

-looked at Leudu and Bouilee

Vanna Venturi House

Robert Venturi

-influenced by Kahn (student)

-mothers house

-very plain

-Low house, mckim mead white...gable roof(manipulated)

-opening in center, door is not

-chimney pushed back

-oversixed or undersized windows (you decide)

-make you question what you see...confuze

-***balenced but not symmetrical***

-Understanding of what is architecture and what it should look like

-looked at Vegas and called it architecture

-not just commercial

-Kahns student

Piazza d'Italia (1975) New Orlens

Charles Moore

-Influenced by Kahn

-no single interpriation...yes there is, UGLY

-modern but pushed back (post-modernism)

-classical influnece 

-no clear scale

-entirely facade; stage set wall

Portland Building (1980) Portland OR

Michael Graves

-Influenced by Kahn

-clear reference to his "turrical" influence

-Pilons (egypt)

-Post modernist

--dont apply directly

-ordimental effects

-sculptural unfinished

->mermaid, goddess, no one knows for sure

-use of color

Dolphin Hotel (1987) FL

Michael Graves

-Influenced by Kahn

-resort hotel in disney

-wave like with palms (trees)

-give you a journey 

Lang House (1974) Washington CT

Robert Stern

-Influenced by Kahn

-Built for Rich family

-looked back at rich family villa

Sea Ranch (1963) CA

Charles Moore

-Influenced by Kahn

-So what? wanted to entertain himself

-Dialoge, his course

-East Coast Architects

Benacerraf House (1969) NJ

Michael Graves 

-influneced by Kahn

House III (1971) CT

Peter Eisenman

-Influneced by Kahn

Farnsworth House (1945-51) IL

Mies Van der Rohe

-2 plynths (levels)

Farnsworth House (1945-51) IL

Mies Van der Rohe

-Floods

-Next to a river

-5' off ground

-On support columbs

-colums on exteroir, slab between them

-Resor House (Jackson Hole) = landscape is focus

Farnsworth House (1945-51) IL

Mies Van der Rohe

-2 Boxes (terrace and home)'

-Sturctural bay

-Center line of enclosure on bay

-center line of house between bays

- Structural Grid

-No paths to house...just arrive

-terrace->porch->house

Farnsworth House (1945-51) IL

Mies Van der Rohe

-enter home get long veiw (1pt perspective)

-travertine floors

-exterior walls, minimal

-mohongany finish + furniture (create zones)

Farnsworth House (1945-51) IL

Mies Van der Rohe

-Core=servce area (bathroom, mechanical)

-doesnt go all the way to ceiling 

-not symmetrical

-"Black Sheep" columb in middle

Philip Johnson 

1904

-Harvard (1922-26)

-Visits Meis work...influenced (1928)

-Published "International Style" (1932)

-Found Dept. of Arch MoMA (1932)

-Shows work at Museum of Modern Art, NY

-Goes back to Harvard GSD (1942)

-Worked with wife

-Hated Groupius and loved Meis (chicago arch school)

"Women Making Of The Modern Home"

by Friedman

Meis Van der Rohe

-Society was changing so was architecture

Courtyard House (1942-43) Cambridge

Philip Johnson 

-How to make open floor plan in urban setting?

-Funky plan

-Notical influnece (New England)

-Meis influence

-Plywood wall

-Located behind Richardson Stone House

Glass House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-Very Prescribed journey to house

-Glass box in lndscape

-lower in plan, no plynths

Glass House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-Still a core (circle)

-Influences size of spaces

-circle in a square, dynamic tension

-Part of larger site (more buildings)

Glass House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-Sits on ground, no plynth

-Brick Base (New England influence)

-Modern American?

           -colonial influence

           -Cornace chair rail

           -Brick work

Glass House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-Brick work on floor(Perboe pattern)

-Place making of rug

-connection to landscape

-Plane veiws->1pt perspective

-Priacy, large site, topographical changes

Brick House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-next to Glass house

-Importnat building to gay Archtecture

-Johnson was gay...private life

Brick House (1949) New Cannon CT

Philip Johnson

-Vaulted rooms

-Private space for Glass house (public)

Glass

     -has columns 

     -Flat on ground

     -Seperated public and private

     -Specific journety to building

Farnsworth 

     -Columns, raised

     -columbs-slab slided in

     -connected personal and public

     -make own path/journey

Glass

     -columns on corners 

     -Nothing Cantalevered

     -Columbs on interior

     -Core=circle in rectangle

Farnsworth 

     -Just glass slides by

     -columbs on exteroir

     -Core=square in square (rec.)

Both

     -core not in direct middle

     -Armware peice acts as wall

Glass

     -Flat on ground

     -Black

         -Blends into enviorment

         -Like tree trunks

     -Top of hill (mountain veiws)

Farnsworth 

     -Off ground, raised

     -White

         -Stands out

     -low on river (river veiw)

         -Farm feild (flat)

     -More proportional

Both

     -Low lying Furniture

     -Fire place

     -White rug=anchor

Glass

     -See rug, white on brick

     -Only brick, plynth and fireplace

Farnsworth 

     -Dont see rug, blends

     -Different materials

     -Fireplace, stone

     -floor, travertine

     -wood Vaneir

Glass

     -lights outside

Farnsworth 

     -lights inside

Both

     -People can see in at night

     -reflection of you on glass, night

What is a Bozart Education?

ideals

Who used these ideals to design their buildings?

Vanna Venturi House (1963) PA

Robert Venturi

-wanted to stay away from glass box

-looked back at history but not literla ideas

Piazza d'Italia (1975) New Orleans

Charles Moore

-how to interperite text

-no cernturalized athority to tell you what to do

-like society: feminist, civil rights, veitam war

-developed in post moderism (pop culture)

Parc de la Villette (1982) Paris

Bernard Tschumi

-challenge what is building

-not building->child play sculpture

-form, no longer applied

-take idea to the limit, and break that

Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (1979) 

Norman Foster

-Structural skeleton on outside

-structural enginerre turned architect

-mechanical on roof, can be seen

-what is architecture...skelton

-no longer glass box (hancock)

-modern building no longer is "boring"

-"futuristic" design

-looked at technology, light, ventilation, techtonics etc

What was questioned with post modernism?

-Architects going in new/different directions 

-questioning what there told

-What is style?

-What exactly is post modernism?

-Technology, light, ventialtion, techtonics ect...

New Reichstay (1999) Berlin

Norman Foster

-where Hitler rained

-Dome = geodesic

-technology and structure

-effects of light

-ramps on exterior walls

New Reichstay (1999) Berlin (interior)

Norman Foster

-where Hitler rained

-Dome = geodesic

-technology and structure

-effects of light

-ramps on exterior walls

-Play on materiality

London City Hall (2003) England

Norman Foster

"The Gherkin" (2004) London

Norman Foster

-Slap in face to what architecture "should be"

-looked out of place

-curved surface

-London preposed ordanance on curved buildings after this was built, response

-Technology that went into building has 

Pompidou Center Paris (1977) Paris

Renzo Piano

-ment to be visual shock

-what is it...building?

- form makes the structure

-use of light

-no style->no "modern architecture"

-building no inside out

-large conrast to traditional london

Menil Collection (1981-86) TX

Renzo Piano

-emphisise technology

-show layers

-play with light (technology)

-express technology as part of building

-like kahns slot down aas vault & then diffused

-Kimbel are museum

Milwaukee Museum of Art (2001)

Santiago Calatrava

-started off a structural enginerr (bridges)

-building moves, on purpose

-responds to inside and outside, site

-not interested in style

World Trade Center Subway Terminal (2012)

Santiago Calatrava

-looked at structure

-structure comes together to make enclosure

-opens and closes

Gehry House (1978) CA

Frank gehry

-intuitive artist

-own ideas of what art is

-columb right in front of doorway

-own institution and thinking

-deconstructuve and constructive arch.

-structure on outside->now residential 

-BOLD move

-chain link fence, corigated metal

National Nederlander (1997) Prague

"fred and ginger"

Frank Gehry

-forms not to do with verticality 

-ordering mechanisms are no more

-international structure

-no orthoganal grid

Team Disneyland Administration Building (1996) LA, CA

Frank Gehry

-opens own firm to make this building

-needed very good and smart structual enginerrs

Guggenheim Museum (1997) Spain

Frank Gehry

-no idea of structural system

-quality of surface

-reflective vs not reflective

Walt Disney Hall (2003) LA

Frank Gehry

-Reflective

-no structure

-what is skin doing?->manipulate it

-idosyncratic expression

Frank Gehry

-like Aalto, City Hall

-geomeric forms

-break up of forms

Stata Center (2004) Cambridge

-all about what he thought and saw

-hard time not picking through garbage

-Ideas from strange places, dumpsters

-light and reflection

-pretty :)

Hotel Sphink (1978) 

Rem Koolhaas

-"architectures bad boy"-linda

**insert queef here**

-what should be obsterved 

Maison a Bordeaux (1998) France

Rem Koolhass

-sculptural mass

-provocative design

-small windows (top) glass wall on bottom

-challenged cobu. 5 points

-is it ribbon windows? glass wasll?

-made to straddle ideas...interperate

Seattle Public Library (2004) 

Rem Koolhaas

-all about the skin/facade

-no hierarchy or axis

-quality of interior space

-nothing to do with BOZART education

-effect of light

China Central Television Headquarters (2009) 

Rem Koolhaas

-show structure

-proactive

-challenge expressions

Church on the Water (1988) Japan

Tadao Ando

-relationship to area

-relationship to nature

-what is it in the setting->ideas

-abstract; wood

Museum of Wood Japan (1994)

Tadao Ando

-Journey

-built into nature

Chikstsu-Asuka Museum (1994) Japan

Tadao Ando

-Pathways

-built into landscape

-relationship with nature

-ramps=natural flow

Bergisel Ski Jump (2002) Innsbruck

Zaha Hadid

-peice of art in landscpae

-doesnt want to be a "style"

-circle on square

Rosenthal Center For Contemporary Art (2003) OH

Zaha Hadid

Maxxi Museum (2010) Rome

Zaha Hadid

Maxxi Museum (2010) Rome

Zaha Hadid

-interior

Jewish Museum (2001) Berlin

Daniel Libeskind