Term
| Ways people are differentiated at death |
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Definition
Body treatment
Artifacts
Mortuary facilities
Grave locations |
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Term
| Artifacts with bodies signify: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Temple of Inscriptions, Palenque Mexico |
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Definition
| Tomb of K'inich Janaab' Pakal hidden inside the temple |
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Term
| Specific burial practices |
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Definition
| Burial with thousands of shell beads, or with arrowheads sorted by style |
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Term
| Mound 72 Cahokia Illinois |
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Definition
| Human sacrifice accompanying deaths of important peeps |
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Term
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Definition
Groups of burials arranged in some organized manner in a delineated area.
Maintenance is common.
More tendency to use once a society is spatially fixed, sedentary |
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Term
| Giza + Stepped Pyramid in Egypt are forms of |
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Definition
| Highly visible monuments for important people. Also used to commemorate ancestral figures, and legitamize authority of the elites |
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Term
| Examples of visible monuments |
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Definition
| Giza, stepped pyramid, Wright Mound KY, Log-lined tomb. Mounds in general |
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Term
| Characteristics important for differentiating individuals at death |
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Definition
Simple Societies:Age, sex, social affiliations, incident of death
Complex Societies:Age, sex, social affiliations, incident of death, anddd Social status |
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Term
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Definition
| Body treatment, artifacts, Grave form/location |
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Term
| What else goes down in cemeteries? |
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Definition
| Reaffirmation of common cultural identity, transfer roles from the deceased to survivors, and other unrelated activities. Weddings, Honoring war dead |
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Term
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Definition
| Honor Deceased, promote group solidarity, demonstration of strength and affluence of group |
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Term
| Why would tombs be placed above ground? WHere? |
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Definition
| In watered areas, below sea level. New orleans, venice, st louis cem in LA |
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Term
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Definition
War dead, such as post civil war when there just wasnt enough time or resources to bury every dead soldier. Ex confederate mass grave in Shiloh, TN
Also used if disease or any other mass deaths |
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Term
| Settlement Structure; Building Characterization |
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Definition
Size, shape, internal features, contents
Settlement structure based on variations of buildings, and their arrangements |
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Term
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Definition
| Location, size, Longevity, building types, configuration of buildings, function |
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Term
| With increase in settlement complexity, there was greater: |
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Definition
Variations of house size and contents, variations in building type
community sizes and fnc's |
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete surveys, site visibility (size, materials present), change in landscape overtime(erosion over sites, plant growth over sites),modern land use, site destruction |
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Term
| Commonly Depicted on Egyptian temples |
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Definition
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Term
| Labor investment can tell us waht? |
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Definition
Organization of society (ability to command/motivate peeps)
Technological capabilities
Size of population(those available to be diverted from their primary jobs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Big mounds = huge population = Great societal complexity |
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Term
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Definition
| Little effort needed, little skill, earth is available everywhere. No conceptual design other than big dirt pile, function can be changed with increased size over time, once built they dont move really. Can be very impressive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Static, they are always changing. Humans alter their surroundings as well as natural change. |
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Term
| Ancient Egyptians studied what? |
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Definition
| Nile's floods, to predict crop yields |
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Term
| Environmental Change can be associated with?` |
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Definition
| Disease: land clearance, introduction of new people or species |
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Term
| Indicators of environmental conditions |
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Definition
Animal remains (hard tissue - bones - teeth - antlers - shells - scales)(occasionally soft tissue)
Plant remains (carbonized material, pollen, phytoliths)
Ice cores
Sediment cores |
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Term
| Species that serve as indicators of past environments |
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Definition
Must be reasonably well repped at sites
Temp and moisture tolerance must be known |
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Term
| Temporal variation in pollen can be used to |
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Definition
| Measure changes in vegetation |
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Term
| Ways humans alter their environments |
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Definition
| over hunting, introduction of new species, changing landscape(middens from discarded material(shells)), agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
| Kind of impact(changes that are produced), collective impact, cumulative impact |
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Term
| Conservationists (original) |
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Definition
| Preindustrialists lived in balance with nature, more in touch with nature due to direct reliance with it |
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Term
| Sustainable yield and environmental impacts |
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Definition
| Difference between sustainable yield and an absence of environmental impact. larger population more environmental impact even though they practice the same environmental things as a lesser pop |
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Term
| arrival of humans extincted a number of animals on islands |
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Definition
| Moas (New Zealand), Giant Lemurs (Mad gas cars), Flightless Geese (hawaii) |
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Term
| Habitat destruction examples |
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Definition
| Salinization of Mesopotamia ( prohibited farming), erosion and abandon in Greece, deforestation of Easter Island |
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Term
| Bird extinction in hawaii |
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Definition
70-90 species went extinct since human interaction
originally 125-145 species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bone show how meat was acquired how? |
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Definition
Hunting techniques (dmg from weapons),
Butchering, distance from kill site, distribution of bones. |
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Term
| fish bones can indicate fishing how? |
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Definition
| fishing methods, labor requirements |
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Term
| Tools were made from many dif materials |
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Definition
Preservers: stone, pottery, glass, metals
Non preservers: wood, veggie fibers, bone
Depended on available materials, technology, job for tool |
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Term
| Two broad classes of stone tools |
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Definition
chipped(flint, chert, obsidian)
ground(basalt, granite) |
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Term
| Experimental stone tool making shows |
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Definition
| How much time they took to make, how they were used, how effective, longevity, how tools wore down |
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Term
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Definition
getting materials ready ( clay, temper)
transformation to object(forming, decorating, firing) |
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