Melk Abbey

Jacob Prandtaur

Austria

1702-36

-Classic Facade (2 Elaborate Bell Towers)

-Roman Baroque (Wavy Entablature)

-Undulating Wall Surface

-Elaborate ornamentation inside

-Contrasts with earlier Abbeys in that it celebrates it's wealth/connection with Austrian Empire rather than it's piety

Palacial Guesthouse, Marble event hall, library with bookcases (early example of this type of library)

Karlkirche

J. B. Fischer bon Erlach

Vienna

1713-36

-Planned around oval plan

-Classical facade separate from Oval

-Combines elements of greek (portico) roman (trajanesque columns) and french (dome) architecture with contemporary Viennese Baroque (towers)

-2 Columns

   -Reflections of antiquity

   -Austria allied with Spain-Gateways to new world

   -Much wealth passed from New World, through spain, to austria, and the columns celebrate this

Blenheim Castle

Sir John Vanbrugh

Oxford

1705-22

-Was for show, not to be lived in

-Inspired by grand French residences such as Versaille

-Picturesque Exterior

-English Baroque style (early example, important to formation of baroque movement in England)

St. Martin in the Fields

James Gibbs

London

1721

-James Gibbs had knowledge of architecture of the Continent (Europe) and published this knowledge

-Was built in the spirit, if not the form of a temple

-Vault of stucco rather than stone

-Places temple facade as a screen in front of the bell tower at the entrance

-Inspired many recreations in the united states, built from drawings in Gibbs books.

Holkham Hall

William Kent

Norfolk

1735

-Huge, made of 5 parts, central block with 4 ancillary bldgs

-emphasis on individual parts creates stacatto rhythm as compared to Palladio's more complex build-up of shapes and parts as part of a whole

-Building is accumulation of distict and different parts

-grandiose stairhall which is vaulted and flanked by collumns

-it is a reinterpretation of the ancient bassilica

Chiswick House

Lord Burlington

Chiswick England

1727-29

-Suburban Vill

-Located on a lot with another residence

-designed as an auxillary buliding for entertaining and keeping the library

-Gardens begun before home, early example of "English Landscape Garden" with a more naturalistic style including curving pathways/waterways

-contrast w/ villa rotunda

   -octagonal dome (vs circular)

   -1 portico (4)

   -no single flight of steps

   -corinian order (ionic)

   -more "fussy" (more natural, meant as a man made hill)

Mereworth Castle

Colen Campbell

Kent

1722

-Palladian Formula(block+dome+4 porticos

-made larger to work as full time residence rather than country residence (villa rotunda)

-modernized with chimney flues

-almost and exact copy of villa rotunda, but not quite

-innovative modernization, runs chimney flues up the ribs of the dome, and the cupola is the actual chimney for the house

Monticello

T. Jefferson

Charlottesville VA

1771-82

-Combines temple front w/ block (original plan had double story temple front)

-Has elements of Palladio (portico, dome, temple front) which are used to help "tame countryside

-servants chambers reflective of villa

-Influenced by Hotel des Salme in Paris

Antichita Romane and Carceri

Giovanni Battista Piranesi

1748-74

-Extreme Contrast b/w light and dark, scale, etc. to who drama

-carceri: Imaginary depictions of prisons "stage design" oblique views

-contrast b/w smaller elements and large architectural elements

-darker ine weights-drama

-attempting to show innovatieve potential of ruins

Cenotaph for Newton

Boulee

1783

-Monument to individuals Greatness

-Temples of Agustus and hadrian were both silmilar

-Enter through a long tunnel

-During daytime recreation of universe

-Nighttime- "light of reason"

Panthéon (St. Genevieve)

J. Soufflot

Paris

1755-90

-Dedicated to Patron Saint of Paris

-On high point of the city

-greek cross plan (wanted it to be compared to tother great European churches)

-Each arm is a smaller greek cross

-a very "skeletal" bldg--> structural difficulties

-Temple front for main facade, columns and dome as well

-marriage b/w valuted and trabeated architecture

Odeon

Peyre and DeWailly

Paris

1767-70

-Example of New Type of Thetre (Not built as part of palace)

-Shows some similarity to theatres in roman antiquity

-lobby is a place to see and be seen

Ecole de Chirurgie

Gondoin

Paris

1769-75

-Half pantheon (with occulus)

-false peristyle court, forms part of screen from street

-rooms surrounding courtyard w/lecture hall

-prison opposite school (planed, allowed bodies to be brought directly from prison to school)

Somerset House

William Chambers

London

1776-96

-Positioned in prime Spot on temmes

-used isolated rooms

-spanned over public causeways

    -"skyways" rendered as temple fronts

Saltworks

Ledoux

Arc Et Senans

1775-79

-Pre industrial fiefdom

-everything neat, clear, and under the eye of an administer

-main entrance through central warehouse

   -great portico

-adminstrators house represents power/authority of admin

   -largest, central, grand

-Building Architecture explicitly a metaphor for the function of a building

Ideal City of Chaux

Ledoux

Published 1804

-Plan of Arc et senon doubled (full circle)

-buildings designed were best examples of "speaking architecture" buildings shape represent their function (often quite literally)

Stourhead Gardens

Henry Hoare and Henry Flitcroft

Mere

1744-70s

-Early, and excellent example of the picturesque garden

-Uses neoclassical buildings (and a palladian mansion) in the garden, laid out naturalistically

-Structures path and views (somewhat like a japanese garden)

Strawberry Hill

Horace Walpole

Twickenham

1750s

-English Gothic revival

-Drawn from many sources, web vaulting drawn from westminster abbey, chimneys based on engravings of tombs.

-a mix of two styles, gothic and medievil (castles) create the design, and they are applied where Walpole wished, without much care as to their original place, thus gothic exteriors inspire interior decoration.

-evolved as a cathedral did, with no fixed plan, Walpole merely adding to it as he wished, when he wished

-Reignited interest in gothic styles in England, and led to a fanciful pseudo-gothic movement

-was, and is, a very controvercial building.

Fonthill Abbey

James Wyatt for William Beckford

Wiltshire

1796-99

-Originally a monastary

-Tower fell twice

-Gallery uses fan vaulted cielings, derived from english gothic

-Beckford's folly

   -Wyatt knew nothing about vaulting/gothic architecture in general

   -Four wings readiated from octagonal central room

Bank of England

Sir John Soane

London

1795-1833

-Accumulation of Structures on block like site

-Many projects 9offices

-Inspired by Ancient Rome

-Rooms w/ hidden sources of light (Bernini/Pirinisi inspired)

-No exterior exposure, only light is from above

-Had to be self contained (fire-proofing)

-New facade wrapped buildings together

-Tivoli corner inspired by temple of Vesta in Tivoli Italy

-No architectural orders, instead, pseudo pilasters

-use of barrel vaults and domes

architectural fundumentalism

had to be lightweight and fireproof

-perfect colution=terra cotta tubes inspired by byzantine architecture (orthodox baptistry)

Altes Museum

Karl Schinkel

Berlin

1824-30

-18 column portico overlooking square

-Modern version of stoa

-first art museum organized to modern principles

-meant to educate and understand

-columns form screen to selecti views of city fom inside

-Ionic order

-pantheon for schinkel's era

Menai Bridge

Thomas Telford

Wales

1826

-First modern suspension bridge

-Huge Chain cables provide carry the load to the towers (made of limestone)

-Chains made from iron soaked in linseed oil to prevent rusting

Britania Bridge

Robert Stephenson

Wales

1850

-Egyptian Pylars

-Two main spans of rectangular iron tubes

-Far longer than other wrought iron spans

Brooklyn Bridge

Roebling and Roebling

New York

1867-83

-Gothic influences (pointed arches, cables represent buttresses)

-Longest spat at time built

-First steel wire suspension bridge

Euston Station

P.C. Hardwick and Stephenson

London

1835

-Based on Greek Temples

-Terminus of the Railway

-

Crystal Palace

Joseph Paxton

London

1836-40

All Saints, Margret Streen

William Butterfield

London

1849-59

-example of good victorian gothic church architecture

-richness of bldg comes from materials used

-victorian tower announces town's piety

Pennsylvania Academy of Art

Frank Furness

Philidephia

1871-76

-Frank Furness:America shouldn't hold to European ideas, should have some of it's own style

-Symetrical facade

-Copied french facade, entrance is broken up by pier

-windows: gothic, but nonspecific

-overall design has influence from european architecture, but doesn't hold to it strictly

National Bank of the Republic

Frank Furness

Philidelphia

1883

-Draws much influence from the styles and techniques of Robinson Romanesque

-applys them more frivilously, with less order or reason.

Trinity Church

HH Richardson

Boston

1872-77

-Established Richardson Romanesque

Marshall Fields Wholesale Store

HH richardson

chicago

1885-7

Monadvock Building

Burnham and Root

Chicago

1889

-Curves in at base, flares out on top, giving look similar to Egyptian Pylon

-Last Chicago skyscaper to use loadbearing wall (masonry)

-massively heavy building with very thick walls at the base to support such weight

-Southern end made using newer technology of steel frame, which gave it narrower piers and larger windows, this means that the building stands as a physical representation of the shift in architecture, literally bridging the divide.

Woolworth Building

Cass Gilbert

New York

1913

-When built was worlds tallest building

-Called the "Cathedral of Commerce" for it's gothic influence

     -vaulted ceiling the lobby

     -lobby had ornate ornamentation, vault, and a cruciform shape

-articulated piers carry load up through cornices

Guaranty Building

Louis Sullivan

Buffalo

1894-6

-Early building in the modernist movement

-Form follows function, and primary function of skyscraper is to be tall, so the form must emphasize this

-U shaped plan

-divided into four zones, exterior design reflects these zones

Wainwright Building

Louis Sullivan

St. Louis

1890-1

3 parts, base shaft and attic

one of the first skyscrapers

Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co Building

Louis Sullivan

Chicago

1894

-Steel structure allowed far larger windows, letting more light into interior, and larger displays for goods on the ground floor

-Classic structure of the Chicago school

-lavish cast iron ornamentation above circular tower on corner

-ornate decorative panels on lower level

National Farmer's Bank

Louis Sullivan

Owatanna Wi

1908

-First of Sullivan's "Jewel Box" banks

-elaborate ornamentation and fanciful glazing

-parts still divided and shown in the exterior design

-

Paris Opera

Charles Garnier

Paris

1857-74

-Sits at confluence of many roads as part of radial network of streets

-Whole area restructured for opera house

-elaborate palatial structure

-main block, dome, flyhouse, 3 main parts

-buildings around it all share the same facade despite being very different in purpose

-all three main entrances converge on grand stair

-stairs exist in their own volume, comparable to Michaelangelo's Larentian Library

MN State Capitol

Cass Gilbert

St. Paul

1896-1906

-Smaller version of Michaelangelo's St. Peter's

-Centered on grand dome

-single axis rising up through building emenating from the dome

-dome with rotunda-front and center, like triumphal arch

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Les Halles

Victor Baltard

Paris

1852-55

-City within a city

-constructed of cast iron with vented roof

-was designed for railroads to bring goods from the countryside to the markets

Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve

Henri Labrouste

Paris

1839-50

-Wide but shallow site

-Lower Level Like a palace, rusticated stone with punched openings

-upper level continuous arcade w/ windows beneath arches

-Astyler building but borrows elements from several styles

-sought to reconcile old w/new, masonry w/ cast iron using detailing and ornament to tie together

Boston Public Library

McKim, Mead, and White

Boston

1888-95

-heavily influenced by Labrouste's Bibliotheque

-more grand entry with 3 arches echoing trinity church which sits across the plaza

-Enter into darkness and proceed towards light on a Grand Stair

-Large courtyard similar to roman palace

-Masonry arches (unlike labrouste who used cast iron which was a new material at the time)