White temple

Uruk, Mesopotamia

Sumerian Period

Dedicated to the sky-god anu

Sundried mudbrick, timber

Walls lean inward (battered) for support, effect

Raised for religious symbolism

Corners face cardinal directions

Ziggurat of Ur

Sumerian period

Built by king Ur-Nammu

Built on the white temple

Corners oriented in cardinal directions

Baked brick - waterproof

Jericho, Israel

Sumerian Period

Sundried brick

Early houses were circular, later were rectangular

Catal Huyuk, Turkey

Neolithic period

Adobe walls

Travelled across rooftops

Single story houses

Stonehenge, Ireland

Neolithic Period

Built in 5 stages

Used for ceremonial cremations, ceremonies

Sarsen stone, blue stone from wales used

Concentric circles

Newgrange, Ireland

Neolithic period

Post and lintel doorway

Corbeling design

Megalithic architecture

"Passage Grave"

Significance to the solstice

Lascaux Cave, France

Paleolithic

"Hall of the Bulls"

Gobekli, Turkey

Neolithic

Relief Carvings

Benches inside of the circles

Mammoth-bone houses, Ukraine

Paleolithic

Made out of bones, animal hides

Citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad

Assyrian Period

Lamassu statues at front

Mudbrick for walls

Relief decorations

Ishtar Gate, Babylon

Built by Ishtar

Reconstructed by Sadam Hussein

Arch entrance

Persepolis, Persia

Built originally by Xerxes, continued by Artaxerxes

Orthogonal layout

Hypostyle walls

Very square plan

Funerary Complex of Djoser

Old Kingdom Period

Columns imitate reeds

Ashlar Masonry

Great Pyramid at Khufu

Old Kingdom

3 separate layers

Each side faces a cardinal direction

Temple complex of Khafre

Old Kingdom

Sphynx had head of human, body of lion

excavated directly from stone of surrounding plateau

Temple Complex of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom

Architect was Senmut

Temple of Amun

New Kingdom

Hypostyle style hall

Relief sculptures showing King making offerings to the gods

Aligned East-West

Temple of Ramses II

New Kingdom

Palace of Minos

New Palace Period

Central Court, administration areas

Non-axial entrances

Lack of fortification walls

Palace and Citadel at Tiryns, Greece

Late Helladic/Mycenean period

Megalithic construction

Corbled side entrances, galleries

Lion Gate and Citadel of Mycenae, Greece

Late Helladic/Mycenaen construction

Megalithic

Ashlar masonry

Functional/defensive purposes

Axial alignment

Relieving triangle in gate

Treasury of Atreus, Mycenaeus

Late Helladic/Myceneaen

Megalithic construction

ashlar masonry

Corbeling arch and relieving triangle above door

Corbeled dome