Term
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Definition
Who: Joseph Paxton
What: Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851- the 1st of international exhibitions, supposed to be temporary.
- A new pre-fabricated system used and was free of all traditional styles.
- Designed by a team & put up as quick as possible.
- "...fruit of Britain's Industrial Revolution"
Where: London
When: 1851 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Gustave Eiffel
What: Tallest building in the world when opened in 1889.
- Made of iron.
- Open lattice
- Eiffel used his structural engineering knowledge to design the tower in a way that the wind loads would have nothing to grab onto.
- Built under budget and in time.
Where: Paris, France
When: 1889 |
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Term
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PARIS METRO ENTRIES |
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Definition
Who: Hector Guimard
What: Art Nouveau
- Glass and cast iron components that can be mass-produced.
- Fluid, curvilinear lines
- Nature and organic form; expression of structure
Where: Paris, France
When: 1893 |
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Term
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GUARANTY BUILDING |
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Definition
Who: Louis Sullivan ("s" for skyscraper)
What: Accentuated columns vertically
- Has organic architectural details inspired by nature; Art Nouveau.
- A distinctive style of ornament that embraced natural forms.
- The creation of a form appropriate to the tall commercial office building.
Where: Buffalo, NY
When: 1895 |
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Term
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RUE FRANKLIN APARTMENT HOUSE |
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Definition
Who: Auguste Perret
What: Perret started the use of reinforced concrete which was used here. A reinforced concrete grid design.
- Expressed the structure and columns
- Facades are filled with ceramic tiles which express structural frame behind.
Where: Paris, France
When: 1903
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Term
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Definition
Who: Antoni Gaudi
What: Gothic style of architecture with Art Nouveau characteristics
- A church
- Revivalism
- Optimized structural forms through the use of reinforced concrete.
Where: Barcelona, Spain
When: 1904 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Frank Lloyd Wright
What: Sharp angles and edges to bring you in
- A Unitarian church.
- A modern concrete aesthetic, different from the typical Unitarian architectural style.
- Simple, a place for people to worship God.
- Served as a foundation for the Prairie Style FLW would soon develop
Where: Chicago
When: 1904 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Peter Behrens
What: A turbine factory
- Deutscher Werkbund - "represented the culmination of Behrens' efforts to give architectural dignity to a workplace"
- Modern architecture
- Temple design inspiration
- Faceted gable roof (like in those of a farmhouse)
- Glass areas were drawn towards the inside
Where: Berlin, Germany
When: 1908 |
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Term
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GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART |
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Definition
Who: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
What: Modern arch. style
- A fusion of Arts & Crafts movement and modernism
- Symmetrical
- Large windows to bring in light to classrooms
- The arch in the entranceway is where the school director's study was located, in the middle to overlook everyone,
Where: Glasgow, Scotland
When: 1909 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Frank Lloyd Wright
What: Prairie Style: Chicago school movement
-Influenced by prairie landscape of the Midwestern region
- Horizontal space
- Hipped roofs low proportions and low terraces
- Large cantilever for more private space
- Brick & wood with art glass windows
Where: Chicago, Illinois
When: 1909 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Gropius
What: Made of glass and steel
- a shoe factory
- a flat roof
- The first time a complete facade is conceived in glass material.
Where: Germany
When: 1911 |
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Term
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GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL |
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Definition
Who: Stem and Reed
What: Train Terminal
- Beaux Arts
- symmetrical
-limestone
-monumental
- large windows
Where: NYC
When: 1913 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Antonio Sant' Elia
What; Sketch of futuristic building, Futurism movement
- Gigantic, urban and complex
- Looks like an electric power plant
- And like a giant machine
Where: Italy
When: 1914 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Le Corbusier
What: - a reduction to essentials
- a solution to the growing urban population
- Concrete frame
- Mass produced housing system
- Slabs, columns, and stairs
Where: unlocated, but Corbusier is Swiss
When: 1914 |
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Term
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BARCELONA PAVILION |
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Definition
Who: Mies
What: Very simple
- Follows the "less is more" philosophy
- Inspired by Doesburg painting
- Used steel and glass material
- Skin and bone architecture
- Looks very modern, something you see today
Where: Barcelona, Spain
When: 1924 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Gerrit Rietveld
What: De Stijl (the style)
-Abstract
-Mondrian art painting inspired with red, blue, yellow, and white concrete colors
- Simple; a reduction to the essentials of form and color.
- No symmetry
- Planar and rectilinear form
Where: Netherlands
When; 1924 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Gropius
What: Glass and white concrete material
- Large windows for the classrooms
- An art and design school
-Glass curtain wall
Where: Germany
When: 1926 |
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Term
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CHRYSLER BUILDING |
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Definition
Who: William van Allen
What: Art Deco style
- Glass and steel material
Where: NYC
When: 1928
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Term
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Definition
Who: Le Corbusier (Corb)
What: International Style/ Modern villa
- Reinforced concrete material used
- Very simple
- Pilotis
- Flat
Where: Paris, France
When: 1928 |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Frank Lloyd Wright
What: Lilypad
- Waterfall goes through the house, main star of the structure
- Influenced by the nature and environment of the area
- Brick and concrete, local materials
Where: Pennsylvania
When: 1936 |
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