Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ARC308 Final Exam
Flash Cards for the final exam in ARC308 with Speck
31
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2010

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alvar Aalto
Definition

  • Baker House Dorm, M.I.T.
  • Paimaio Sanatorim
  • Library at Viipuri

Term
Daniel Libeskind
Definition

 

  • Denver Museum
  • Jewish Museum

 

Term
Eero Saarinen
Definition

 

  • TWA Terminal, NY
  • Morse and Stiles Hall
  • John Deere and Co. HQ
  • Kresge Auditorium

 

Term
Frank Gehry
Definition

 

  • Disney Concert Hall
  • Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao
  • Stata Center

 

Term
Frank Lloyd Wright
Definition

 

  • Falling Water
  • Guggenheim Museum, NYC
  • Taliesin West
  • Taliesin East
  • Redefined the "room" - invented organic architecture, dissolved apparent barriers between rooms, "open plan"- rooms merge together subtly
  • "Exploded" the outside of the house, extended rooms outwards in separate wings, shape no longer closed/compact but flowed out and seemed to merge with the land

 

Term
H. H. Richardson
Definition

  • Ames Gate Lodge
  • Town Hall
  • Stoughton House
  • Glessner House

Term
Herzog and De Meuron
Definition

 

  • Dominus Winery
  • De Young Museum

 

Term
Le Corbusier
Definition

 

  • Chapel Ronchamps
  • Palace of Justice
  • La Tourette Monastery
  • Maisons Jaoul
  • Secretariat Building
  • Assembly Building
  • Separated the machines in Villa Savoye because cramming the machines could be thought of as offensive; Villa Savoye – cited as the illustration that a house is a machine to live in; looks like an ocean liner (open top deck, floating white struture in grassland, etc...); main rooms on the second floor; had to use machines (stairs) to get to land – feeling of isolation; tried to find meanings in the emerging forms of society that surrounded him and to extract dreams from the technical achievements of his era
  • Designed a complex of  workers’ houses in Pessac – Le Corbusier constructed dreams but were not accepted by workers; workers felt they could not live in houses with front doors opening directly into the living rooms; also had an absence of a roof which they did not like
  • Ceremonial Front Door (Church at Ronchamp)- huge doors on pivots with enameled symbolic painting

 

Term
Louis Khan
Definition

  • National Assembly/Capitol Building in Dacca
  • Kimball Museum, Ft. Worth
  • Dormitories at Bryn Mawr, PA
  • Exeter Library
  • Salk Institute
  • Indian Institute of Management
  • Ayub Hospital
  • Goldenberg House

Term
Mies Van Der Rohe
Definition

 

  • Farmsworth House, Plano, Illinois
  • Barcelona Pavilion
  • Lake Shore Drive Apartments
  • McCormick House
  • Divided house into spacial zones (took Frank Lloyd Wright's idea of "open" room a step further)

 

Term
S. O. M. (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill)
Definition

 

  • Tenneco Building
  • LBJ Presidential Library

 

Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition

 

  • Monticello
  • University of Virginia Campus
  • Mimicked republican dignity
  • Assembled rooms with discriminating tastes

 

Term
Swim Club, Sea Ranch- Significance?
Definition
Allowed for communal bathing
Term
Gunston Hall- Significance?
Definition

 

  • Underlined by simplicity of its formal arrangement; had machines banished to an outbuilding so only rooms left; achieves clarity of arrangement with much heavier and thicker materials (unlike sliding walls of Japanese houses)
  • Has elegant front door which is set on porch

 

Term
Mathematical Expressions of Form
Definition

  • Golden Section/Ratio:
  • Mathematical Term
  • a:b :: b:(a+b)
  • 1.618...
  • 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
  • Golden Spiral
  • Fibonacci Sequence

 

Term
12 Elements of Form
Definition

  • Balance
  • Color
  • Shape
  • Texture
  • Material
  • Line
  • Scale
  • Rhythm
  • Proportion
  • Light
  • Symmetry 
  • Space
  • Think about which apply to your building

Term

3 Aspects of Intellectual Expressions

(Architecture as an Intellectual/Artistic Expression)

Definition

  • Order- Math, astronomy, geometry, music- humans have orderly minds and should live in order
  • Complexity
  • Technique- how it is put together- reinforced concrete, modern materials, etc.

Term
5 reasons to use Numbers/Mathematics/Geometry in buildings
Definition

  • Mysticism- use of #'s & ratios
  • Prestige- library, prestigious display
  • Connection to Nature- gravity, natural forces
  • Iconic- i.e. music school/University in Germany
  • Intellectual Puzzles- Like Peter Eisenman's cubic house

Term
5 Issues needed to be considered for Immediate Physical Considerations
Definition

  • Energy Consumption
  • Resource Consumption
  • Land Consumption
  • Waste Production
  • Toxicity

Term
5 Types of planning
Definition

  • Transportation Planning (roads, railroads)
  • Infrastructure Planning (water, sewer lines, electric lines)
  • Land Use Planning (don't want a power plant next to a school, to reduce zoning conflicts)
  • Social Services Planning (Parks, Recreation, Clinics, etc)
  • Environmental Planning (ecology, topography, geography)

Term
Forces Acting on a Building
Definition

  • Tension
  • Compression
  • Bending
  • Sheer

Term
Materials used for forces- used to resist the load
Definition

  • Wood- average in tension, compression; great in bending
  • Steel- excellent in tension, compression; phenomenal in bending
  • Brick/Stone/Concrete/Granite- Bad in tension, bending; great in compression
  • Reinforced Concrete- has steel bars in it for better tension and bending- best building material

Term
7 Steps to Building a Building
Definition

  • Site Work- prepare the ground for building
  • Foundations- distributing loads evenly
  • Structural System- skeletal framework for building support
  • Skin or Enclosure for building- thermal and moisture protection
  • Partitions- walls placed to create spaces
  • Building Systems- plumbing, electric, water, heating
  • Finishing

Term

Architecture in Response to Climate Terms/ Definitions

(Azimuth, Massing, Fenestration, Solar Shading)

Definition

  • Azimuth- position of the sun relative to cardinal points
  • Massing- general mass of building (long faces should be north and south, short faces should be east and west)- width should be equal to height
  • Fenestration- where doors and windows are located
  • Solar Shading- apparatus placed on buildings for shading, to keep the heat out

Term
Thermal machines pay attention to...?
Definition

  • orientation - building facing south
  • sun shading -  solar shading
  • 1.Vertical Sun Shading: Inserts Vertical Blockades to block out sun from East to West
  • 2. Horizontal Sun Shading: Used to allow LOW Winter sun to shine into base of building, but blocks out the High Summer sun. 
  • thermal storage: large masses can contain heat/cool - ie glass tubes that heat up during the day, when the sun goes down, the heat from the tubes radiates back to warm the home.
  • insulation: keep a temperature constant
  • ventilation - air flow to keep room warm or cool.

Term
5 Reasons to Designate Use
Definition

  • Practical: zoning a place- safety issues, residential, commercial
  • Injecting Taboos
  • Claiming
  • Efficiency and Convenience
  • Machines

Term
3 Relationships Between Behavior and Environment
Definition

  • Conforming uses- predictable uses
  • Implied uses- likely to occur
  • Accommodated Uses- Unexpected uses

Term
4 Components of Humanism on a Personal Scale
Definition

  • A doctrine/attitude- centered on human interest/value
  • A philosophy- asserting the dignity/worth of mankind
  • Capacity for self-realization
  • Self-realization through reason

Term
6 Principles that are good examples of Humanism on a personal scale
Definition

  1. Plain materials are used
  2. Simple construction
  3. A notion of comfort
  4. Practicality
  5. Cleanliness
  6. Absence of ornament/pretension

Term
8 Characteristics of Humanism on the scale of cities
Definition

  1. Convenience
  2. Range of Activities
  3. Range of People are accommodated
  4. Personal or Human Scale
  5. Signs of Human Presence
  6. Variety of Visual Expression concurrent with Harmony
  7. Freedom from intrusion
  8. Natural Relief

Term
3 Types of Communication in Meaning
Definition

  • Literal Direct- What you see is what you get
  • Literal Indirect- Symbolism
  • Abstract- Using material things to hint at or describe an idea or feeling (ex. colors)

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