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| wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry vault or arch |
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| a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches |
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| barrel vault in the shape of a ring formed between walls of two concentric circles |
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| creates texture on a masonry wall by cutting the edges around the stone block |
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| free-standing columns in the front but columns along the sides are engages to the walls |
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| sunken geometric panel in the ceiling or vault, recessed and highly ornamented |
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| hard strong construction material made of lime, water, sand and pozzolana |
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| largest place of Roman leisure, long narrow race track on a central axis |
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| Roman order that represents the Doric but without the fluted shaft, circular base, and no adornments |
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| wedge shaped pieces forming and arch or vault |
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| tunnel vault, continuously formed by a single curved arch |
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| produced by the intersection of two barrel vaults at a right angle |
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| succession of arches and their supporting columns |
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| circular opening, especially in the top of a dome |
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| roof in a hemispherical form |
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| porous variety of volcanic ash used to make cement |
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| horizontal band around a building |
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| Roman fortified camp, rectangular in plan and standardized throughout the empire; two main thoroughfares at right angles which each joined two gates set in the towers |
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| public place for exercise |
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| large cold pool of roman baths |
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| changing rooms before baths |
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| apartment building that housed urban residents |
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| room situated on one side of the atrium and opposite the entrance, open in back with a peristyle |
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| slightly projected column applied to the face of a wall as an ornamental motif |
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| combines volutes of ionic order with leaves of corinthian order |
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| semicircular recess capped with a semi-dome |
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| pool filled with water for bathing |
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| warm bath heated by a hypocaust |
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| underfloor heating by furnace |
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| market and meeting place in Roman towns; colonnades, basilicas, public buildings; usually rectangular in shape |
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| large open space located within a building |
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| large oblong hall with double colonnades and a semi-circular shape on one end; used for a court of law or public assembly |
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| ornament at the apex of a roof |
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| a pediment broken or open at the apex; gap often filled with ornamentation |
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| 100-800 BCE in Peru, complex textiles, geoglyphics, aqueducts, pottery; agricultural society |
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| ritual stone in South American used as an astronomical clock or calendar for the Inca |
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| housing unit of Inca Empire |
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| mesoamerican culture that centered in Tula, influenced aztecs intellectually and culturally |
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| a standing or kneeling figure of a man used as a column or entablature |
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| dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist Shrine |
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| Buddhist monastery; dormitory on three sides with open court in center for teachings |
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| row of repeating balusters (small posts that supper the upper railing) |
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| ancient doctrine of the science of construction; used in Hindu temple architecture; mathematical calculations and five basic elements (earth, water, air, fire, space) |
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| rising structure used as an entrance gateway to the Hindu Temple |
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| artificial body of water used as an architectural element in SE Asia |
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| buddhist shrine containing a stupa; semicircular on one end with a colonnaded ambulatory wrapping around the walls; barrel vaulted roof |
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| gateway compromised of two upright pillars and three lintels; Hindu and Buddhist architecture |
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| circumambulation of sacred places in Hindu or Buddhist context |
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| "mountain peak"; rising tower in Hindu architecture |
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| base or platform of temple |
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| geometric pattern of five points arranged in a cross; four forming a square and one in middle; basis of Hindu temple form |
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| wall notched with battlements |
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| open notches in wall for shooting; forms crenellated wall |
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| tiered tower associated with Buddhist architecture |
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| slopes down on all four sides from a single horizontal ridge |
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| triangular space between the curve of an arch and the rectangle formed by the moldings enclosing it |
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| cantilever of the dougong system; anchored with support on only one end |
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| large wooden block that is placed on top of column in dougong system |
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| bow-shaped brackets that support the beam or another gong above it |
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| longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof; supported by posts |
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| rigid framework designed to support a roof; usually composed of triangular shapes |
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| part of a building marked off by vertical elements such as columns or posts |
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| two sides slope down from a peak |
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| hipped roof that lacks a ride with four triangular shaped sides meeting at a common apex |
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| two sides slope down from a peak and are met with adjacent sloping roofs halfway down |
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| the gateway of a Shinto temple, consisting of two uprights supporting a concave crosspiece with projecting ends and a straight crosspiece beneath it |
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| mortise (hole), tenon (post); method of joining pieces of wood |
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| Picturesque massing and composition |
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| A type of massing and composition characterized by irregularity, asymmetry, ruggedness and a variety of texture and form |
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| In Japanese houses, any of a number of thick, woven straw mats of uniform dimensions, about three feet by six feet, the placing of which determines the dimensions of an interior (flooring material) |
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