Building/Site: Lascaux Cave

Where: France
When: c. 10,000 B.C.E 

Importance: Prehistoric art. Told us about culture/lifestyle at that time period.

Building/Site: Terra Amata

Where: France
When: c. 400,000 B.C.E 

Importance: One of the oldest pieces of evidence of manmade shelter in paleolithic era.

Building/Site: Lepenski Vir

Where: Yugoslavia
When: c. 5,000 B.C.E 

Importance: Paleolithic settlement. Huts showed builders had mathematical knowledge.

Building/Site: Skara Brae

Where: Scotland
When: c. 2,000 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. Stone buildings covered in earth. Has evidence of home furnishings.

Building/Site: Carnac

Where: France
When: c. 2,000 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. Has "menhirs" (large, upright stones). Uses megaliths. Unknown use.

Building/Site: New Grange

Where: Ireland
When: c. 2500 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. Massive passage grave from megaliths and earth on top. High corbelled vault.

Building/Site: Stonehenge

Where: England
When: c. 2750-1500 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. Ring of standing stones. Uses piers (upright stones) and lintels (horizontal stones) on top for a trabeated structure. Used for rituals/ceremonis.

Building/Site: Jericho

Where: Israel/Palestine
When: c. 7000 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. Had a massive stone wall as protection and an underground system for fresh water.

Building/Site: Khirokitia

Where: Cyprus
When: c. 5500 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. First site known to have a paved street. No wall.

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Building/Site: Catalhoyuk

Where: Turkey
When: c. 6000 B.C.E 

Importance: Neolithic site. No walls, cob/adobe/pise (rammed earth) construction. Entered through roofs. No streets.

Building/Site: Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu

Where: Ur (Iraq)
When: c. 2113-2096 B.C.E 

Importance: Place for worship; a temple. Only priests/royalty allowed up the stairs. Built with earth.

Building/Site: Ishtar Gate

Where: Babylon (Iraq)
When: c. 575 B.C.E 

Importance: Exhibits heated caly and ceramics. Decorated in blue and gold with art on the walls. Had animals/writing.

Building/Site: Mortuary Complex of Zoser

Where: Saqqara
When: c. 2680 B.C.E 

Importance: Early Egyptian architecture. Made with limestone, large step pyramid. Enormous wall around structure ~50ft. Large courtyard inside. Entrance has colonnade.

Building/Site: Pyramids of Giza (Cheops, Chefren, Mykerinos)

Where: Giza
When: c. 2570-2500 B.C.E.

Importance: Different sizes. Famous Egpytian pyramids.

Building/Site: Great Sphinx

Where: Giza
When: c. 2550 B.C.E.

Importance: Only monument excavated. Only head constructed of stone. Might be a guardian or ceremonial monument.

Building/Site: Mortuary Temple of Metuhotep

Where: Deir el-Bahri
When: c. 2050 B.C.E.

Importance: Similar to Hatshepsut. Large hypostyle hall at rear. Large courtyard at the entrance.

Building/Site: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Where: Deir el-Bahri
When: c. 1500 B.C.E.

Importance: Similar to Metuhotep. Uses axes (long straight lines). Mostly sand stone. Spacious building. Has hieroglyphics on walls.

Building/Site: Temple of Ramses II

Where: Abu Simbel
When: c. 1250 B.C.E.

Importance: Has massive structures of pharoahs (not originally there, but moved). Has hypostyle hall before sanctuary. Excavated.

Building/Site: Temple of Amon

Where: Karnak
When: c. 1525-1350 B.C.E.

Importance: Has obelisks (shaft of upright stone, pyramid top) and has a pylon at entrnace (two tapering towers, each surmounted by a cornice joined by a lower section between them). Has a hypostyle hall.

Building/Site: Troy [Hisarlik]

Where: Turkey
When: c. 3000-1300 B.C.E.

Importance: Thought to not be the ancient city of Troy at first. Excavated by Heinrick Schliemann. Has a megaron inside. City had multiple levels.

Building/Site: Palace of Minos

Where: Knossos (Crete)
When: c. 1600 B.C.E.

Importance: Excavated by Arthur Evans. Largest single building at its time. Astonishingly complex (6-7 layers). Was a "downtown" for Knossos. Example of Minoan architecture. Had labyrinths (long hallways w/ turns).

Building/Site: Treasury of Atreus (Tomb of Agamemnon)

Where: Mycenae (Greece)
When: c. 1400 B.C.E.

Importance: Large, spacious burial. Chamber built into a hillside. Has a dromos (path) leading to a beehive chamber, a large corbelled vault made with ashlar masonry (finely cut stones).

Building/Site: Lion Gate

Where: Mycenae (Greece)
When: c. 1250 B.C.E.

Importance: Main etrance for Mycenae. Trabeated structure (2 piers holding a lintel across). Largest sculpture in prehistoric Aegean. Has 2 sculpted lionesses above lintel.

Building/Site: Temple of Artemis

Where: Ephesos (Turkey)
When: c. 560-550 B.C.E.

Importance: Ionic (by Ionians) style in Greek arch. Octastyle and dipteral (two rows of columns @ front).

Building/Site: Temple of Apollo

Where: Delphi (Greece)
When: c. 3rd-4th century B.C.E.

Importance: Surrounded by other smaller temples and a theater. Hexastyle and peripteral (single row of columns on all 4 sides). Entry always faces east.

Building/Site: Persepolis, Palace of Darius and Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes

Where: Iran
When: c. 518-460 B.C.E.

Importance: Greek inspired Persian palace (also Egypt). Darius created a huge hall, Xerxes the hypostyle hall. Strongly resembled Ionic forms. Monumental and powerful.

Building/Site: Theater

Where: Epidaurus
When: c. 300 B.C.E.

Importance: Civic and religious purpose/use. At least 1 in every large Greek city. Raised seating like city council chamber. Great acoustics.

Building/Site: Propylaia

Where: Akropolis, Athens
When: c. 427-424 B.C.E.

Importance: Architect: Mnesikles. Serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. Doric, hexastyle, U-shaped building. Had art galleries inside.

Building/Site: Temple of Athena Nike

Where: Akropolis, Athens
When: c. 427-424 B.C.E.

Importance: Architect: Kallikrates. Nike = victory. Ionic, prostyle, 4 columns in front. No pronaos. Very small temple. Elaborate frieze in all 4 sides. Most ceremonies would be outside.

Building/Site: Parthenon

Where: Akropolis, Athens
When: c. 447-432 B.C.E.

Importance: Architects: Iktinos, Kallikrates. Sculptor of Athena: Phidias. Most important Greek temple. Dedicated to Athena. Doric style, octostyle, peripteral. Whole thing was painted. Built with marble. Slightly imperfect construction to make it LOOK perfect. Statue of Athena gone/stolen.

Building/Site: Erechtheion

Where: Akropolis, Athens
When: c. 421-405 B.C.E.

Importance: Architects: Kallikrates. Weird temple. Dedicated to Athena and Poseidon. Porch on both sides. Prostyle, Ionic. Basically 1 temple but for 2-3 gods. Used as model in West arch. Has caryatids (columns of women).