Term
What subset of lymphocytes are involved in the late allergic response?
What cytokines/chemokines are increased? |
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Definition
Th2 CD4 T lymphocytes
IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, IL-13, GM-CSF, stem cell factor, eotaxin and RANTES |
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Term
What percentage of asthmatics have AR?
What percentage of AR are asthmatics? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the treatment of gustatory rhinitis?
What infection can cause atrophic rhinitis and what is the treatment? |
|
Definition
Intranasal ipratropium
Klebsiella, nasal saline and topical antibiotics |
|
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Term
| What meds cause rhinitis? |
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Definition
| ASA/NSAIDS, beta blockers, intranasal decongestants, ACE inhibitors, OCPs, sildenafil, cocaine |
|
|
Term
| When is pregnancy induced rhinitis seen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What can test for CSF rhinorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What percentage of acute rhinosinusitis is viral? |
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Definition
|
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Term
What are the complications of sphenoid and frontal sinusitis?
Polyps most commonly arise from which sinus? |
|
Definition
orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, subdural/epidural brain abscess, osteomyelitis, mucocele
Ethmoid |
|
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Term
What percentage of children have AOM by 1 year of age?
3 years of age?
What bacteria is the cause of OM with conjunctivitis |
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Definition
|
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Term
What is the leading cause of hearing loss in children?
When is surgery indicated for otitis media with effusion? |
|
Definition
otitis media with effusion (usually conductive)
structural damage, recurrent OME, hearing loss of >40dB, hearing loss of 21-39dB in high risk children |
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Term
Which population is at risk for vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)?
What is the clinical presentation?
What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
young atopic males (3-20 years) in warm/dry climates
severe photophobia, pruritis, papillary hypertrophy (>1mm), thick/ropey discharge
allergen avoidance, high-dose pulse topical corticosteroids |
|
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Term
What population is at risk for atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC)?
What are the feature of AKC? |
|
Definition
adults (20-50 years) with atopic dermatitis
bilateral chronic pruritis, loss of vision (superficial punctuate keratitis, scarring, keratoconus, anterior subcapsular cataracts) |
|
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Term
| What causes posterior subcapsular cataracts? |
|
Definition
| Steroids (Prednisone = posterior) |
|
|
Term
| What population is at risk of giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC)? |
|
Definition
| contact wearers (soft>rigid or disposable) |
|
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Term
What are sight-threatening conditions?
What are red eye danger signs? |
|
Definition
acute glaucoma, scleritis, iritis, uveitis, herpes simplex keratitis pupil
photophobia, blurry vision, severe pain, seeing colored halos, abnormal pupil size, ciliary flush |
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|
Term
Name dustmite allergen. Avoidance measures.
Cat.
Dog.
cockroach. |
|
Definition
Der p 1, Der f 1 (covers pore <10um, wash 130 degrees, carpet benzyl benzoate or tannic acid, humidity <50%)
Fel d 1 (higher in males, remains for 6 mo after removal)
Can f 1
Bla g 1-4, Per a 1 (baits with hydramethylnon or boric acid, 6 mo 80-90% reduction) |
|
|
Term
| What are immunologic changes in IT? |
|
Definition
| Increase IgG1 then IgG4, increase Tregs, increase specific IgE (months) then decreased specific IgE (years), decrease in low affinity FceRI and FceRII, increase IgA, decreased basophil hyper reactivity, decreased mast cell, shift from Th2 to Th1 cytokines |
|
|
Term
| Which two vespid venoms can be mixed? |
|
Definition
| hornets and yellow jackets |
|
|
Term
What are the effective dose of major allergen in IT for grass?
ragweed
cat
dog
dustmite |
|
Definition
15ug
6-12ug
11-17ug
15ug
7-12ug |
|
|
Term
What is the risk of systemic reaction in IT?
fatal reaction? |
|
Definition
1/2000 injections
1/2.5 million injections |
|
|
Term
What is the mean age of onset of AR?
What % develops by 20yr?
What % is seasonal, perennial or both?
What % of chronic rhinitis is AR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the southern grasses?
northern grasses? |
|
Definition
-bermuda, prairie, bahia, johnson (bahia and johnson cross react)
-timothy, orchard, rye, fescue, bluegrass, redtop, sweet vernal, brome, velvet, canary (all cross react) |
|
|
Term
What foods are assocaited with pollen-food for ragweed (Amb a1)?
for mugwort/sage (Profilin)?
Birch (Bet v1)?
Grasses? |
|
Definition
-banana, cantaloupe, watermelon
-celery, peach, mustard
-apple, almond, apricot, carrot, celery, cherry fennel, hazelnut, kiwi, nectarine, parsley, parsnip, pear, pepper, plum, potato, walnut
-peach, celery, melon, tomato, orange |
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Term
What trees polinate in the fall?
in the winter? |
|
Definition
-3 species of elm
-mountain cedar |
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|
Term
| What mold is considered "black mold"? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are two major allergen that cross reacts with invertebrate tropomyosin (shrimp, limpet)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What level of Der p 1 is a risk factor for sensitizations for atopic children? or non-allergic children?
What level of Fel d 1 is a risk factor for sensitization? or for asthma? |
|
Definition
-2-10ug/g and >20ug/g
-2ug/g and 10ug/g |
|
|
Term
| What allergens have lipocalin (calycin)? |
|
Definition
| dog (Can f 4), rat (Rat n 1), mouse (Mus m 1), horse (Equ c 1, Equ c 2), cow (Bos d 2, Bos d 5), cow's milk (beta lactoglobulin), rabbit (Ory c 1), cockroach (Bla g 4) (*not cat) |
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|
Term
| What are the 5 startdardized extracts? |
|
Definition
| Hymenoptera venom, dustmite, cat, grass, short ragweed |
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Term
What is added to extracts to prevent microbial growth and maximized stability of the allergen?
to cause slower release of the allergen?
to protect allergens from phenol denaturation? |
|
Definition
-glycerin
-aluminum hydroxide
-human serum albumin |
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