Term
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Definition
| Having a "Head". Concentration of sensory organs/ganglia in the front of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones with muscles attached and used as levers tho keep body up despite gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combination of circular and longitudinal muscles around a fluid filled chamber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles moving down a concentration gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Equilibrium, lack of particle concentration. |
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Term
| Surface area-to-volume constrain |
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Definition
| as SA increases, SA to Vol ratio decreases. Vol increases faster than SA when object gets larger. This is why cells are so small and numerous, diffusion can happen much easier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spheres are a bad shape for an organism, because their SA to Vol ratio is very low, making diffusion difficult |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water. (Leech & salt ex) |
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Term
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Definition
| Create as little urine as possible in order to utilize as much water in the body as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| two separate sexes with male fertilizing female egg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Direct and indirect development |
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Definition
Direct: Born as a miniature adult
Indirect: Born into a larval stage that will become adult. |
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Term
| Asexual Reproduction types |
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Definition
Budding- pieces of organism breaking off and becoming another individual (Colonal-budding off but staying attached)
Cloning- Adults creating clone of themselves.
Parthenogenesis- females making more females
Androgenesis- males making more males |
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Term
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Definition
| sit in one place (sessile- attached) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| live in or on the bottom of the water source |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of proto-gut and germ layers. The process that describes an animal |
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Term
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Definition
| No mesoderm, lacking muscles. Only 2 embryonic germ layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Having 3 embryonic cell layers (endo, meso, ecto) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Possessing a body cavity lined by mesoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| when the mesoderm divides |
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Term
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Definition
| A body cavity remnant of blastocoel |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesoderm derived from endoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| Early cell divisions are symmetric (90 degree angles) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleavage planes are never 90 degrees, but about 45 degrees causing the formation of unequally sized cells, forming a spiral |
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Term
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Definition
| Named groups of organisms that are more closely related to each other than those of other groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Descendents of common ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits inherited through common evolutionary descent |
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Term
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Definition
| Pores in sponges lined by porocytes (porifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell that retains it's ability to turn into any other cell types. (porifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| An accumulation of nutrients, covered in a protective capsule of spicules, that is formed by freshwater sponges during the winter. Genetic clones. (porifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| Member of cnidaria, has both a sessile (asexual) polyp and a swimming (sexual) medusa. Polyp makes medusa, medusa makes polyp. (Cnidaria) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth and digestion of cnidarians, has stinging cnidoblasts to capture prey, like a harpoon. (cnidaria) |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive tract of cnidarians. Food in one hole, and out the same hole. They can not eat more food without first expelling the previously eaten food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce medusae in cnidarians. separate sexes. Gametes are derived from epidermal tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrozoa- hydra, obelia
Anthozoa- corals, sea anenomes
Scyphozoa- jelly fish
Cubozoa- box jellies
Myxozoa- minute parasitic forms |
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Term
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Definition
Calcarea
Hexactinellida
Demosponguae
Sclerospongiae |
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Term
| 4 classes of Platyhelminthes |
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Definition
Turbellaria- flatworms (freeliving)
Monogenea- flukes (parasitic)
Trematoda- flukes (parasitic)
Cestoda- Tapeworms (parasitic) |
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Term
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Definition
| Living cells that fill spaces within a flat worm (platyhelminthes) |
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Term
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Definition
| A cup of cells that can detect light and where it is coming from. "eyes" |
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Term
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Definition
| For osmoregulation, constantly producing very dilute urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Water enters in and filters out the molecule with selective reabsoption through movement created by flagelli beating. (platyhelminthes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Injection of sperm into fluid within body wall (platyhelmithes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stem cells that are retained by platyhelminthes during asexual reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attachment structure with hooks on the head of tapeworms (platyhelminthes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Segmented sections of a tapeworm, each one it's own parasite with its own gonads. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive enzymes secreted in sequence and with a special part of gut for absorption of nutrients, making it very efficient (Nemertea) |
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Term
| Circum enteric connectives |
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Definition
| nerves running over and under the gut (Nemertea) |
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Term
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Definition
| A flexible organ of a nemertea,that shoots out of the body and is used in capturing and subduing prey and feeling around |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid filled body cavity which shoots proboscis out when circular muscles around it are contracted (Nemertea) |
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Term
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Definition
Anopla- unarmed proboscis/not part of gut
Enopla- armed proboscis/ejected from the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed cell number, cells don't continue to divide, they just grow bigger. (Nemertea) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anterior ciliated structure for locomotion and feeding (rotifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior adhesive glands (rotifera) |
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Term
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Definition
monogogonta
bdelloidea
seisonidea |
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Term
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Definition
| once reaching a certain size, their cells stop dividing |
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Term
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Definition
| produce diploid females that don't need fertilzation. (rotifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| Create haploid eggs, because there's no males, haploid eggs can't get fertilized and are then females. (rotifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| When things dry up, males fertilize haploid eggs called diapause eggs which do nothing but rest until water comes, and they become amictic females. (rotifera) |
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Term
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Definition
| adults are capable of living in a cyst for decades. (rotifera) |
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