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| air channel in the roots of some plants for gas exchange |
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| A substance produced by members of one species that influences the behaviour or growth of members of another species |
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| usually a repetitive yearly cycle. driven by changes in water temp, light cycle, changes in nutrient load. |
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| fish live in the ocean mostly, and breed in fresh water |
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| "Bottom-up" effects refer to controls on the abundance and/or community structure of organisms that derive from supply of resources (light or nutrients for plants, prey organisms for animals) or from physical factors such as temperature of the environment. That is, bottom-up controls arise from near the bottom of the food web, below the trophic level in question |
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| mineral found in water from rock erosion or atmospheric deposition. decreased by acidification, lowered pH. helps build shells, is an ion... |
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| fish live in fresh water, and breed in the ocean |
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| Many water regulating companies around the world utilize chloride to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources. |
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| held that successional sequences of communities (seres), were highly predictable and culminated in a climatically determined stable climax. |
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| competitive exclusion principle |
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| (Gause's Law) two species competing for same resource cannot coexist if abiotic factors stay constant |
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| controls on fish diversity |
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| daphnia movement patterns |
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| diel vertical migration. hides deeper during day (smells fish) comes out at night. |
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| shapes an ecosystem over time. |
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| enzymes in high temp environments |
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| Ephemoptera, Plecoptera, Tricoptera. index of these invertebrates can help indicate the health of an aquatic system. |
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| increased nutrient load --> algal bloom --> decomposing organic matter --> decreased D.O. --> hypoxia |
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| one species depletes resources for the other species |
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| species interaction. commensalism (+/0) & ****mutualism (+/+). ex. food, trans, housing/structure, indirect |
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| filter feeders and food density |
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| filter feeders and particle size |
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| size decreases as each things eats it? |
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| filter feeding and ecological clearance rate |
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| fish habitat specialization |
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| fish/algae/macrophyte succession |
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| dominating species change with changes in abiotic factors. longer lived organisms must tolerate changing conditions (ex. fish) |
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| simplistic representation of relationships of organisms. |
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| series of related food webs |
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| functional feeding groups |
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| shredders (ex. EP & shrimp), collectors (ex. diptera),filter (ex. E nymphs & T), carnivores (ex. leeches) |
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| grass carp and macrophytes |
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| grass carp eat tons of aquatic plants |
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| disturbance and/or competition affect carrying capacity |
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| overgrowth, encounter, chemical |
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| intermediate disturbance hypothesis |
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| local species diversity increased when disturbance is not too rare or common |
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| "rushes", food of lepidoptera (moth) larva |
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| median lethal dose, dose required to kill half a population |
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| its a bird! CA lowland riparian, extirpated from most areas due to urbanization |
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| growth is controlled by the scarcest (limiting) resource |
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| lipids and high temperatures |
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| describes the relationship between the rate of substrate conversion by an enzyme to the concentration of the substrate: V(rate of conversion) = Vmax (max rate of conv. of substrate) / Km (michaelis constant) |
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| microbial adaptations to avoid predations |
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| trophic pathway, DOC returns to higher levels |
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| free moving (needs lots of energy) |
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| (+/+) both species benefit. facultative vs. obligate |
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| mutualism and oligochaetes |
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| N:P ratio and mineralization |
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| tectonic, glacial, volcanic, dams, |
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