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APSC Test 1
Animal Science Vocab Test 1
136
Science
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2010

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Term
Agriculture mechanization
Definition
Has been largely responsible for increased food production and allowing people to turn their attention to professions other than production agriculture
Term
2 main importances of meat
Definition
1. the assortment of amino acids in animal proteins more closely matches the needs of the human body than does the assortment in plant proteins.
2. Adequate quantities of B12 needed by the human body can be obtained from meat, but not from consumption of plants.
Term
Hunger (2 forms)
Definition
1. Chronic persistent hunger (CPH)
2. Famine
Term
Chronic persistent hunger (CPH)
Definition
results from a combination of poverty, climatic change, political instability, water shortages, loss of soil fertility, poor infrastructure, and illiteracy.
Term
Famine
Definition
Typically a relatively short period of crisis resulting from the breakdown in food production and distribution infrastructure resulting from catastrophic events such as hurricanes, drought, or civil war.
Term
Food secure
Definition
all members of the household have access to enough food for a healthy lifestyle and sufficient financial resources to acquire food as needed.
Term
Food insecure (with out hunger)
Definition
able to gain access to groceries via food assistance programs or community outreach programs.
Term
Food insecure (with periods of hunger)
Definition
no access to food assistance programs and such
Term
Animal by-products
Definition
biodegradable wastes consisting of animal carcases, parts of animal carcases, products of animal origin which are not intended for human consumption
Term
Gelatin
Definition
obtained from hides, skins, and bones. Can be used in foods, films, and glues.
Term
Collagen
Definition
obtained primarily from hides. Used to make sausage casings.
Term
Allele
Definition
any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
Term
Antemortem
Definition
live inspection of an animal to determine quality and to separate those not fit for consumption (labeled "condemned")
Term
Anterior
Definition
pertains to the front or the head
Term
Avian
Definition
a bird, pertaining to birds
Term
Barrow
Definition
a castrated male swine
Term
Beef
Definition
1. the flesh of a cow, steer, or bull raised and killed for its meat.
2. an adult cow, steer, or bull raised for its meat.
Term
Biotechnology
Definition
the technique of using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to perform chemical processing, such as waste recycling, or to produce other materials, such as beer and wine, cheese, antibiotics, and (using genetic engineering) hormones, vaccines, etc
Term
Boxed beef
Definition
the method that most meat-packers use to transport large beef cuts to butchers and grocery stores.
Term
Boar
Definition
an UNcastrated male swine
Term
Bovine
Definition
of or pertaining to cattle, buffalo, oxen, etc.
Term
Break joint
Definition
The exposed surface of the epiphyseal–diaphyseal
growth plate in the lower leg (metacarpus) of a lamb carcass.
Term
Breed
Definition
a relatively homogenous group of animals within a species, developed and maintained by humans.
Term
Broiler
Definition
a young, tender chicken suitable for eating.
Term
Buck
Definition
a male sheep (ram), goat, rabbit, deer, or antelope.
Term
Bull
Definition
an UNcastrated male bovine
Term
Bullock
Definition
1. a castrated bull, steer
2. a young bull
Term
Calf
Definition
the young of a cow, or other bovine
Term
Calve
Definition
the birth of, or to give birth to a calf
Term
Capon
Definition
a castrated cock fowl (done to improve meat quality)
Term
Chevon
Definition
the flesh of goats, used as food
Term
Chick
Definition
a young chicken or other bird
Term
Cock
Definition
a male chicken, rooster
Term
Cockerel
Definition
a young, domesticated cock
Term
Cod
Definition
the part of the scrotum left after castration
Term
Conception
Definition
the fecundation of the ovum. The action of conceiving or becoming pregnant.
Term
Conformation
Definition
the physical form or physical traits of an animal; its shape and arrangement of parts.
Term
Cow
Definition
mature female bovine
Term
crossbred
Definition
an individual from which the parents are from two different breeds
Term
Cryptorchidism
Definition
A failure of the mammalian testes to descend into
the scrotum
Term
Cull
Definition
to eliminate nonproductive or undesirable animals
Term
Cutability
Definition
fat, lean, and bone composition of meat animals. Used interchangeably with yield grade
Term
Cwt
Definition
abbreviation for hundred weight (100lb)
Term
Cycling
Definition
infers that non-pregnant females have active estrous cycles
Term
Dam
Definition
the female parent
Term
Distal
Definition
Remote, as opposed to close or proximal; away from the main part of the body
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Pertaining to the back, or more toward the back portion; opposite to ventral. It means the same as posterior in human anatomy
Term
Double muscling
Definition
A genetic trait in cattle where muscles are greatly enlarged rather than duplicate muscles
Term
Down
Definition
Soft, fluffy type of feather located under the contour feathers. Serves as insulating material
Term
Drake
Definition
An adult male duck
Term
Dressing percentage
Definition
The percentage of live weight that becomes carcass weight at slaughter. Determined by dividing the carcass weight by the live weight, then multiplying by 100
Term
Dry
Definition
Nonlactating female. The dry period of cows is
the time between lactations (when a female is not secreting milk)
Term
Dystocia
Definition
Abnormal or difficult labor (parturition) causing
difficulty in delivering the fetus and placenta
Term
Embryo
Definition
Very early stage of individual development within the uterus
Term
Equine
Definition
pertaining to a horse
Term
Estrous
Definition
adjective meaning "heat", which modifies such words as "cycle". The estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat to the next
Term
Estrus
Definition
the period of mating activity in the female mammal. Same as "heat"
Term
Ewe
Definition
female sheep
Term
Expected Progeny Difference (EPD)
Definition
one half of the breeding value, the difference in performance to be expected from future progeny of a sire, compared with that expected from future progeny of an average bull in the same test
Term
Farrow
Definition
to give birth to a litter of pigs
Term
Feeder
Definition
A young animal that does not have a high finish (fatness) but shows evidence of ability to add weight economically
Term
Feral
Definition
pertaining to animals in the wild or untamed state
Term
Fertility
Definition
the ability to reproduce
Term
Fetus
Definition
The unborn young of animals (usually vertebrates) that give birth to a living offspring
Term
Filly
Definition
young female horse
Term
Fill
Definition
the contents of the digestive tract
Term
Finish
Definition
The degree of fatness or the distribution
of fat in an animal
Term
Fleece
Definition
The wool from all parts of a sheep
Term
Freemartin
Definition
Female born twin to a bull calf. Usually sterile
Term
Full sibs
Definition
Animals having the same sire and dam
Term
Gamete
Definition
A female or male reproductive cell (sperm or ovum)
Term
Gander
Definition
Mature male goose
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
the technique of removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule
Term
Gestation
Definition
Pregnancy. The period from conception to birth of young
Term
Gilt
Definition
A young female swine. Commonly called gilt until the first litter of pigs is farrowed
Term
Gonad
Definition
The gland of a male or female that produces the
reproductive cells; the testicle or ovary
Term
Growth
Definition
The increase in protein over its loss in the animal body
Term
Heifer
Definition
A female of the cattle species less than 3 years of age that has not borne a calf
Term
Heiferette
Definition
a heifer that has calved once, after which the heifer is fed for slaughter. The calf has usually died or been weaned at an early age
Term
Hen
Definition
An adult female avian (usually chicken or turkey)
Term
Hinny
Definition
The offspring of a stallion and a jennet (female donkey)
Term
Jennet (or jenny)
Definition
A female donkey
Term
Kid
Definition
A young goat. Up to a year of age
Term
Jack
Definition
A male donkey
Term
Kosher meat
Definition
Meat from ruminant animals with split hooves where the animals have been slaughtered according to Jewish law
Term
Lamb
Definition
A young sheep, less than a year old. To give birth to a lamb
Term
Lard
Definition
The fat from pigs that has been produced through the rendering process
Term
Layer
Definition
A hen that is kept for egg production
Term
Libido
Definition
Sex drive or the desire to mate on the part of the male
Term
Marbling
Definition
The distribution of fat in muscular tissue. Intramuscular fat
Term
Mare
Definition
A sexually developed female horse
Term
Mean
Definition
1. Statistical term for average
2. Term used to describe animals having bad behavior
Term
Meat
Definition
The tissues of the animal body that are used for food
Term
Mule
Definition
The hybrid that is produced by mating a male donkey with a female horse. They are usually sterile. (The opposite of a Hinny)
Term
Mutton
Definition
The meat from a sheep that is over 1 year old
Term
Offal
Definition
All organs and tissues removed from inside the animal during the slaughtering process
Term
Open
Definition
Refers to non-pregnant females
Term
Ovine
Definition
Refers to sheep
Term
Parity
Definition
The number of different times a female has had offspring
Term
Parturition
Definition
The process of giving birth
Term
Pedigree
Definition
The record of the ancestry of an animal
Term
Pelt
Definition
The natural, whole skin covering, including the wool, hair, or fur
Term
Per capita
Definition
Per person
Term
Polled
Definition
Naturally or genetically hornless
Term
Pork
Definition
The meat from swine
Term
Posterior
Definition
Toward the rear of an animal
Term
Poult
Definition
A young turkey of either sex, from hatching to approximately 10 weeks of age
Term
Poultry
Definition
Includes chickens, turkeys, geese, pigeons, peafowls, guineas, and game birds
Term
Proximal
Definition
Nearest. The position that is closest to the point of attachment for a limb or bone
Term
Puberty
Definition
The age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative
Term
Pullet
Definition
Young female chicken from day of hatch through onset of egg production. Sometimes the term is used through the first laying year
Term
Purebred
Definition
An animal eligible for registry with a recognized breed association
Term
Ram
Definition
A male sheep that is sexually mature
Term
Scale
Definition
1. Size
2. Equipment on which an animal is weighed
Term
Scurs
Definition
Small growths of hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals
Term
Semen
Definition
The fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated by the male. Secretions from seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, the bulbourethral glands, and the urethral glands provide most of the fluid
Term
Service
Definition
To breed or mate
Term
Settle
Definition
To become pregnant
Term
Shoat
Definition
A young pig of either sex
Term
Shrink
Definition
Loss of weight -- commonly used in the loss of live weight when animals are marketed or loss in weight from grease wool to clean wool
Term
Sire
Definition
Male parent
Term
Sow
Definition
A female swine that has farrowed on litter or has reached a year old
Term
Spool joint
Definition
The joint where the foot and pastern are removed from the front leg. Used to identify a mutton carcass
Term
Stag
Definition
Castrated male sheep, cattle, goats, or swine that have reached sexual maturity prior to castration
Term
Stallion
Definition
A sexually mature male horse
Term
Steer
Definition
A castrated bovine male that was castrated early in life, before puberty
Term
Stocker (cattle)
Definition
Weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets (including grazing) before going into the feedlot
Term
Stud
Definition
Usually the same as stallion. Also, the place where male animals are maintained
Term
Tallow
Definition
The hat of cattle and sheep
Term
Teasing
Definition
The stallion in the presence of the mare to see if she will mate
Term
Tom
Definition
A male turkey
Term
Transgenic animals
Definition
Animals that contain genes transferred from other animals, usually from a different species
Term
Type
Definition
1. The physical conformation of an animal
2. All those physical attributes that contribute to the value of an animal for a specific purpose
Term
Veal
Definition
The meat from very young cattle, under 3 months of age
Term
Viscera
Definition
Internal organs and glands contained in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
Wether
Definition
A male sheep castrated before reaching puberty
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