Term
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Definition
| The maintenance of behavior, usually toward some goal. |
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Term
| What are the components of motivation? |
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Definition
- Activation: first steps toward a goal
- Persistence: following a goal despite the obstacles
- Intensity: energy and attention applies toward a goal |
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Term
| What are the approaches to motivation (biological)? |
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Definition
- Instinctual
- Drive Reduction
- Arousal |
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Term
| What is the instinctual view of motivation? |
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Definition
- Behavior is motivated by instincts.
- Biological forces underlie some actions; but no true instincts are motivating humans. |
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Term
| What is the drive deduction view of motivation? |
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Definition
It is motivation that begins with a physiological need – an internal tension-that elicits a drive that “pushes” the organism toward behavior that will satisfy the original need.
-example: hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| According to Clack Hull, it is an internal unpleasant state. |
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Term
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Definition
| The natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced state. |
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Term
| What is the arousal view of motivation? |
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Definition
Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal
- May vary among individuals |
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Term
| What is the The Yerkes-Dodson law? |
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Definition
States that task performance is higher when arousal level is appropriate to task difficultly
- Higher Arousal for easy stuff
- Lower Arousal for difficult stuff |
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Term
| What is the psychological/social view to motivation? |
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Definition
- Incentive: motivation called by the "pull" factors to environmental stimuli
- Cognitive: motivation caused by expectations of others and ourselves |
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Term
| What is the biological/psychological/social view of motivation? |
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Definition
| Hierarchy: Lower needs satisfied first, then higher. |
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Term
| What was Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs pyramid? |
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Definition
Top-to-Bottom
- Need for Actual Self-Esteem
- Esteem (others): respect
- Belonging and Love: acceptation
- Safety Needs: security
- Physiological Needs: basic stuff |
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Term
| Why was self-actualization so hard? |
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Definition
- Larger goal to achieve (MLK, Gandhi)
- Very hard to achieve
- Peak experiences: deeping meanings |
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Term
| What are the kinds of motivation? |
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Definition
Intrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding.
Extrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward.
Conscious motivation: a motivation of which one is aware.
Unconscious motivation: a motivation of which one is not aware.
Approach motivation: a motivation to experience positive outcomes.
Avoidance motivation: a motivation not to experience negative outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| motives acquired thru experience and interactions with others |
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Term
| What test did Henry Murray create? |
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Definition
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
- Create stories based on pictures, analyze the subject's needs thru story
- Reveals people wanted to achieve |
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Term
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Definition
Need for achievement
- People with high n Ach choose challenging goals
- People with low n Ach choose unrealistic or low goals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are primary drives? Examples? |
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Definition
| Unlearned motives to satisfies biological needs (hunger, eating...) |
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Term
| What is anorexia nervosa? |
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Definition
- Eating disorder characterized by overwhelming, irrational fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, compulsive dieting to the point of starvation, and excessive weight loss
- Causes of this disorder are not well understood
- Treatment is difficult |
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Term
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Definition
- Eating disorder characterized by repeated and uncontrolled episodes of binge eating
- Causes not well understood
- Treatment is difficult
- 10-15% of all people with bulimia are males |
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