Term
| What is known as the process of assessing or estimating attributes? |
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Definition
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Term
| A short answer test is a ___________ test. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a 0.5 difficulty index suggest? |
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Definition
| A 0.5 difficulty index would suggest that 50 % of the test takers answered the question correctly while 50% did not answer correctly. |
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Term
| What measures compare traits within the same individual and DO NOT compare a person to other persons who took the instrument? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a person is taking a test with 200 forced response items and has no time limit in which to complete the test, what type of test is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| achievement test : maximum performance:: personality/interests test : __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the items in a spiral test? |
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Definition
| Items become progressively more difficult. |
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Term
| What is the advantage of a test battery? |
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Definition
| Several measures are used to produce results making it more accurate than results derived from a single source. |
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Term
| What is the term used to refer to a test with two equivalent forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most critical factors is test selection? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
Reliability is more important than validity. |
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Definition
| FALSE: Validity is more important than reliability. |
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Term
| What are the 5 types of validity? |
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Definition
1. Content Validity-Does is examine behavior under scrutiny?
2. Construct Validity-
the test is able to measure a attribute
3.Concurrent Validity- how well does this test measure up to other tests that measure same thing
4.Predictive Validity-test's ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria
5. Consequential validity-
social implications of testing
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Term
True or False?
A test can be reliable and not valid and a test can be highly valid, but not reliable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is more reliable: physical measurements or psychological measurements? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ measures the extent that a test measures an abstract trait. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________refers to the extent that a test appears to measure the intended attribute. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define incremental validity |
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Definition
| the process where a test is refined and made more valid by dropping contradictory items and that tests ability to improve predictions when compared to exisiting measures. |
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Term
| What does it mean when a test has good concurrent validity? |
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Definition
| The test yields results nearly identical to other standardized measures use |
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Term
| _____________measures how well your test stacks up against a well-established test that measures the same behavior, construct, or trait. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the correlation of a test to an independent measure and why is it used? |
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Definition
| Convergent validity; It is used to assess a test's criterion and construct validity by correlating scores to an outside source. |
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Term
| If a test has _______________ then it does not reflect a unrelated variables. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two subtypes of criterion validity? |
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Definition
| predictive and concurrent validities |
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Term
True or False?
A reliable test is not always valid, but a valid test is always reliable. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when you give the same test a second time at a later date to the same group of people and then correlate the scores? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the usual wait time between retesting in the test-retest paradigm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are you looking for when you give the same group of folks alternate forms of a test that have the same psychometric/statistical properties as the original instrument? |
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Definition
| equivalent or alternate forms reliability |
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Term
| What is necessary when looking for alternate forms reliability in regards to the groups? |
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Definition
| There must be counterbalancing where half of the group gets form A and half the group gets form B to control for variables like fatigue, practice, and motivation. |
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Term
| If a counselor splits a standardized test in half by using even numbered items for one half of the testing group and odd numbered items for the other half, what is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
In the split half method, subjects only answer the even or odd numbered questions. |
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Definition
| FALSE! The subjects take the entire test, but the rater only uses the answers from either the even or odd numbered questions depending on which half the individual is assigned. |
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Term
| When would you use an interrater/interobserver reliability approach to testing? |
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Definition
| When the test is subjective, as with projective tests, having more than one observer or rater helps reduce observer bias. |
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Term
| What would a reliability coeeficient of 1.00 mean? |
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Definition
| A perfect correlation with no error. |
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Term
| When does a perfect reliability coeeficient of 1.0 usually occur? |
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Definition
| with physical measurements |
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Term
| If a personality test shows a reliability coeeficient of .75, what does this mean? |
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Definition
| That 75% of the score is accurate and 25% is inaccurate |
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Term
| If you use the test-retest reliability method and get a reliability coeeficient of 0.60, what is the true variance or coeeficient of determination? |
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Definition
to compute true variance, you simply SQUARE the reliability coeeficient.
0.60 x 0.60 = 0.36 or 36% |
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Term
| What is the early ratio formula for the Binet IQ scores? |
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Definition
MA/CA x 100
Mental age / chronological age x 100 |
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Term
| What type of testing has been at the center of debate more than any other type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did research and concluded that intelligence is normally distributed and primarily genetic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence? |
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Definition
| Fluid intelligence is flexible, culture-free, and adjusts to situations. Crystallized intelligence does not change or adapt. |
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Term
| Who is associated first with convergent and divergent thinking and 120 elements that add up to intelligence? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ thinking occurs when ______________ thoughts and ideas are combined into a singular concept. ________________ thinking is the ability to generate a novel idea. |
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Definition
| Convergent; divergent; Divergent |
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Term
To measure internal consistency of a test without using the split half method, what method can one use?
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Definition
Kuder-Richardson coefficients of equivalence (also known as KR-20 or KR-21) or Cronbach's alpha coefficient
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Term
| What is the phenomenon called shrinkage? |
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Definition
| When the cross-validation coefficient is smaller than the initial validity coeeficient. |
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Term
| Who is known for being a pioneer in projective testing with inkblots as well as intelligence testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the IQ test of today different from Binet's early IQ test? |
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Definition
| The ratio IQ is no longer uses. Instead, the deviation IQ (standard age score or SAS with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15) is used. The test is standardized. |
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Term
| Why do most experts feel the Wechsler IQ tests gained popularity over the Binet IQ tests? |
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Definition
| The Binet did not seem the best instruments to use for adults. |
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Term
| What would be the best IQ test to administer to a 22 year old single male? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a test guided via theory also known as? |
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Definition
| theory-based test or inventory |
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Term
True or false?
ACA ethics now consider it unethical to administer a test to an individual from a given population unless that test has been normed on that particular population. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who claimed he invented a machine to measure neural efficiency that could replace pen and paper IQ testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is associated with fluid and crystallized intelligence that was measured by tests that focus on content? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who proposed that the closer two people were genetically, the more alike their IQ scores would be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What African-American psychologist created the test known as BITCH or the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity to show that Blacks often excelled when given tests with questions familiar to that population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term means any form of mental testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 acceptable formats for projective testing? |
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Definition
1. Association
2. Completion
3. Construction |
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Term
| Whose work is well known for the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)? |
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Definition
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Term
| A test that analyzes data outside of a given theory are called ____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is associated with the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is noted for the Mental Measurements Yearbook? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
A clinician who favors projective measures would likely be a behaviorist. |
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Definition
| FALSE: Clinicians that rely heavily on the unconscious mind are psychodynamic or psychoanalytic in practice. |
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Term
Aptitude test: ___________ as
Achievement test : __________ |
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Definition
| potential; what has been learned |
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Term
| When would a counselor likely use the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test? |
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Definition
| When it is feared that a client has an organic, neurological or motoric difficulty and the presence of brain damage must be determined. |
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Term
| When considering interest inventory testing, counselors should be aware that interest usually become quite stable until around the age of __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is social desirability? |
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Definition
| when a person tries to answer questions in a socially acceptable manner |
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Term
| What is it called when a client always agrees with something? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the standard measruement of error tell you? |
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Definition
| how accurate or inaccurate a test score is |
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Term
| What does a lower standard error of measurement mean in regards to reliability? |
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Definition
| the lower the standard, the higher the reliability |
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Term
| What is the formula that is associated with classical test theory and error? |
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Definition
| X= T + E where X is the obtained score, T is the true score, and E is the standard error of measurement |
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Term
| What happens to a test's reliability if you shorten it? |
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Definition
| reliability coefficent will decrease |
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Term
| Who Americanized the Binet IQ test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate the item difficulty index? |
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Definition
| number of persons who answered correctly divided by the number of persons taking the test. |
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