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Definition
| the study of how language is represented and process in the brain |
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| the scientific study of the brain |
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| the basic information-processing units of the nervous system, also called nerve cells |
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| the grey wrinkled mass that sits like a cap over the rest of the brain and is the seat of cognitive functioning |
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Definition
| the left and right halves of the brain, separated by the longitudinal fissure |
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| the bundle of nerve fibres that serves as the main connection between the cerebral hemispheres, allowing the two hemispheres to communicate with one another |
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| the control of the right side of the body by the left side of the brain and vice versa |
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| gyrus (singular for gyri) |
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Definition
| an area where the cerebral cortex is folded out |
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Definition
| the fissure that extends from the front of the brain to the back and separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres |
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| sulcus (singular for sulci) |
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Definition
| an area where the cerebral cortex is folded in |
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Definition
| the unilateral control of the cognitive functions by either the left or the right side of the brain (e.g. language is lateralized in the left hemisphere in most people) |
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Definition
| substructures of the cerebral hemispheres that appear to have distinct responsibilities (e.g. frontal lobe, temporal lobe) |
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| the sulcus that extends from the top of the cerebral cortex to the lateral fissure (also called the fissure of Rolando) |
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Definition
| the fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes (also called the Sylvian Lobe) |
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Definition
| the lobe of the brain that lies behind the central sulcus and above the temporal lobe |
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Definition
| the area of the brain to the rear of the angular gyrus, in which the visual cortext is located |
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Definition
| an area of the brain that plays an important role in reading |
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Definition
| the lobe of the brain that lies beneath the lateral fissure and in which Wernicke's area is located |
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Definition
| studies based on the postmortem examination |
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Definition
| severe damage to the brain |
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Definition
| the area in the lower rear portion of the left frontal lobe that plays an important role in language production |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-fluent aphasia in which speech is very halting, there are numerous phonemic errors, and grammatical deficits and there is a lack of intonation |
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Term
| Computerized axial tomography (also called CT scanning) |
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Definition
| a technique for observing the living brain that uses a narrow beam of X-rays to create brain images that take the form of a series of brain slices |
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Term
| Position emission tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| a brain imaging technique that uses radioactive isotopes to measure changes in brain metabolism associated with particular cognitive and behavioural tasks |
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Term
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) |
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Definition
| a brain imaging technique that yields information on areas of high brain activity during the performance of cognitive tasks |
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| Magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
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Definition
| a technique for studying how language is process that records subtle changes in the magnetic fields generated within the brain |
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Definition
| a technique in which stimuli (either linguistic or non-linguistic) are presented through headphones to the left and right ears to determine the lateralization of various cognitive functions |
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| Right Ear Advantage (REA) |
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Definition
| the phenomenon in which people with language lateralized in the left hemisphere hear speech louder and clearer with the right ear |
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Definition
| studies that investigate the effects of surgically severing the corpus callosum |
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Definition
| a language deficit caused by damage to the brain |
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Definition
| the study of language disorders in the brain |
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Definition
| a hemorrhage in the brain or the blockage or rupture of an arterycausing brain damage (Also called a cerebrovascular accident) |
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Definition
| aphasia that results from damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus and is characterized by slow effortful speech production (also called motor aphasia) |
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Definition
| the most severe form of non-fluent aphasia, in which the patient is completely mute |
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Definition
| the lack of sentence intonation; a common characteristic of the speech of Broca's aphasics |
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Definition
| speech errors that result from phonemic substitutions and omissions (e.g. spoon may be pronounced as poon) |
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| words such as determiners and conjunctions that are lacking in the speech of Broca's aphasics, resulting in telegraphic speech |
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Definition
| speech lacking in functional categories and bound morphemes |
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Definition
| the aphasia that occurs due to damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus, resulting in fluent speech but great difficulty in selecting, organizing and monitoring language production (also called sensory aphasia) |
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Definition
| the aphasia that results in fluent but nonsensical speech, sometimes characterized by jargon aphasia |
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Definition
| a symptom of severe cases of Wernicke's aphasia in which speech contains very few real words of the language |
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Definition
| the impairment of reading ability (or acquired alexia) |
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Term
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Definition
| the impairment of writing ability (also called acquired agraphia) |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patient seems to have lost the ability to use spelling-to-sound rules and can only read words that he or she has seen before |
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Definition
| a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patient seems unable to recognize words as wholes, but must process all words through a set of spelling-to-sound rules (e.g. yacht would be pronounced /jatft/) |
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Definition
| a writing error associated with a linguistic deficit |
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Definition
| a type of aquired dyslexia in which the patient produces a word that is semantically related to the word he or she is asked to read (e.g., producing father when asked to read mother) |
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Term
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Definition
| an aphasic disturbance characterized by the omission of functions words and inflectional affixes and by syntactic comprehension deficits |
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Definition
| a collection of neurons that are repeatedly activated together |
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Definition
| after aphasia a patient goes through this state where no language use is possible (no change) |
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Definition
| responsible for motor and cognitive functions acquired early in life |
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Definition
| mediates semantic and episodic memory. |
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