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Applied Linguistics 1st Language Aquisition
All terms for 1st midterm = I see a white light at the end of the tunnel
25
Other
Undergraduate 3
11/14/2012

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Term
grammar
Definition
the mental system of rules and categories that allows humans to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language
Term
naturalistic approach
Definition
an approach to investigating child language in which researchers observe and record children's spontaneous verbal behaviour
Term
experimental approach
Definition
an approach to investigating language in which researchers make use of specially designed tasks to elicit linguistic activity relevant to a particular phenomenon
Term
diary study
Definition
a type of naturalistic investigation in which a researcher (often a parent) keeps daily notes on a child's linguistic progress
Term
cross-sectional research
Definition
research that investigates and compares children (or groups of children) of distinct ages
Term
fronting
Definition
a common substitution process in child language acquisition that involves the moving forward of a sound's place of articulation (e.g. cheese pronounced as [tsiz]
Term
gliding
Definition
a common substitution process in child language aquisition which involves the replacement of a liquid by a glide (e.g. play is pronounced [pwej]
Term
denazalization
Definition
a common substitution process in child language acquisition that involves the replacement of a nasal stop by a non-nasal counterpart 
Term
stopping
Definition
a common substitution process in child acquisition that involves the replacement of a fricative by a corresponding stop 
Term
assimilation
Definition
the influence of one segment on another, resulting in a sound becoming more like a nearby sound in terms of one or more of its phonetic characteristics (e.g., in English, vowels become nasal if followed by a nasal consonant)
Term
substitution
Definition
a type of auditorily based change involving the replacement of one segment with another similar segment (e.g. in the history of English, [f] replaced [x] in some words)
Term
overextension
Definition
a developmental phenomenon in which the meaning of the child's word is more general or inclusive than that of the corresponding adult form (e.g., daddy used to refer to any adult male)
Term
overgeneralization
Definition
a developmental phenonmenon that results from the overly broad application of a rule (e.g., falled instead of fell)
Term
underextensions
Definition
a developmental phenomenon in which a child uses a lexical item to denote only a subset of the items that it denotes in adult speech (e.g., car used to refer only to moving cars)
Term
parameters
Definition
the set of alternatives for a particular phenomenon made available by Universal Grammar to individual languages
Term
critical period
Definition
a particular time frame during which children have to be exposed to language if the acquisition process is to be fully successful
Term
parameter setting
Definition
the determination of which option permitted by a particular parameter is appropriate for the language being learned
Term
recasts
Definition
a repetition of a child's utterance that includes adjustments to its form and/or content
Term
Universal Grammar (UG)languages
Definition
the innate system of categories, operation, and principles that are shared by all languages
Term
Mutual Exclusivity
Definition
Each object can only have one name
Term
truncation
Definition
shortening of words to reduce phonological complexity
Term
Autonomy
Definition

functional independence of languages

 

Term
Quantity Sensitivity
Definition
tendency to stress syllables based on weight instead of position in the word (for example: information vs. information in English and French)
Term
ANOVA
Definition
analysis of variance
Term
VOT
Definition
voiced onset time
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