Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Applied American Government and Citizenship
Flashcards to help with the final exam of this class :P
325
Civics
12th Grade
01/04/2022

Additional Civics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
At the time the Constitution was written, America was...
Definition
governed by the Articles of Confederation
Term
Which of the following powers did the federal government have under the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
the power to create laws, with a majority vote from the state representatives
Term
Who wrote the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
John Dickinson
Term
Which of the following expresses a concern that the Founding Fathers might have been seeking to address as they wrote the Constitution?
Definition
"it is . . . by the unwise or unwarrantable use of [legal powers] that governments oppose their true end and object"
Term
When the Articles of Confederation were written...
Definition
the writers tried to avoid too strong a central government.
Term
Which of the following was a characteristic of Greek democracy?
Definition
all citizens could vote
Term
In which ways is our government similar to that of ancient Greece?
Definition
only citizens can vote
Term
Which of the following is not a way that our government differs from the Greek and Roman governments?
Definition
the citizens' right to vote
Term
Which is the most likely reason the Founders did not set up a republic exactly the same as the Republic of Rome?
Definition
The consuls of Rome decided when the legislature met and what they could discuss.
Term
Match the following answers with the terms on the right.
Definition
the reason the Founding Fathers decided to create a republic instead of a pure democracy - E: tyranny of the majority
created a government with a bicameral legislature, where one house would have an equal number of representatives per state and the other house would have population-based representation - b: Great Compromise
dealt with how to include slaves in the state population for the purpose of taxing and determining the number of state representatives - c: Three-Fifths Compromise
a government where the legislative seats would be granted on the basis of state population - a: Virginia Plan
a government where the legislative seats would be granted equally to each state - f: New Jersey Plan
created with the goal of avoiding a strong central government - d: Articles of Confederation
Term
Which is a power reserved to the federal government?
Definition
the power to print money
Term
Congress's ability to impeach Supreme Court judges is a...
Definition
check
Term
How is our government different from the Roman government?
Definition
The Constitution provides checks and balances. For example, the president can veto a bill passed by the legislature.
Term
Which is a power reserved to the states?
Definition
the power to ratify amendments to the Constitution
Term
The president's ability to appoint Supreme Court judges is a
Definition
check
Term
Who possesses the powers not specifically delegated in the Constitution?
Definition
the states or the people
Term
The Constitution likely impacts our lives most in what way?
Definition
by providing a framework of freedom that we often don't notice unless our freedoms are threatened
Term
In the case study, what do Caleb and/or Barret's actions show?
Definition
Their actions show the effectiveness of the Constitutional right to freedom of speech.
Term
Which of the following plans became the basis on which the legislative branch is now organized?
Definition
the Great Compromise
Term
Which of the following powers was held by the Roman consuls but is not held by the U.S. president?
Definition
the power to determine when the legislative body met
Term
The government can do all of the following, except ________.
Definition
prevent you from printing anti-government materials
Term
Why did the Founding Fathers originally gather?
Definition
to revise the Articles of Confederation
Term
Which of the following is not a check?
Definition
The president is the chief law enforcer.
Term
Which of the following is a similarity between the U.S. Senate and the Roman Senate?
Definition
Both senates are influenced in important ways by the executive branch of their respective governments.
Term
Which statement from the case study best demonstrates the type of statement protected by the Constitution and Bill of Rights?
Definition
Caleb Proulx's statement, "I don't have faith in what our leaders tell us are their motives."
Term
Joe owns a bar and grill/dance hall on valuable downtown property. Steve wants to buy the property and replace the bar with a small hotel, but Joe refuses to sell. Steve, hoping to force Joe to sell, starts a petition to have zoning ordinances changed so that Joe can no longer operate a bar in that part of the city. Because Steve is a respected community leader, when he spreads rumors about Joe's bar and claims that Joe encourages minors to drink and is creating a dangerous environment, he gets more than half the voters in the city to sign his petition. However, when the city council examines the issue, they decide not to change the zoning ordinances because Joe's bar obeys liquor laws, carefully checking patrons' age before selling them alcohol, and many of his customers go to Joe's for the dance hall or the grill rather than the bar. The city council determines that Joe's bar does not create a dangerous environment, and it opts to let Joe continue running his business as usual.
This example shows why the Founding Fathers ________.
Definition
wanted a republic rather than a democracy
Term
Which of the following is a reason America is not a pure democracy?
Definition
The Founders feared a tyranny of the majority.
Term
According to James Madison's quote in 1.3, which of the following is the most important purpose of a government and its representatives?
Definition
to serve the public good and the people
Term
James and Thomas had a dispute over property boundaries. James claimed Thomas was pasturing his cows on James's land. Thomas said James extended his fence line onto Thomas's property. Under the Articles of Confederation, where could Thomas and James have gone to settle their dispute?
Definition
none of these
Term
The Constitution was written with the idea of ________.
Definition
creating a strong central government while maintaining the greatest amount of personal freedom possible
Term
The Supreme Court's decision to overturn segregation laws as unconstitutional is an example of ________.
Definition
a check
Term
According to one of the Founding Fathers quoted in the lesson, which of the following is a way to have good and safe government?
Definition
"to divide it among the many"
Term
Compare the office of U.S. president with the Roman office of consul. Which of the following is true?
Definition
The U.S. president holds more limited power, but for a longer term, than did the Roman consuls.
Term
Which of the following is not a balance?
Definition
Congress can pass a law that the president has vetoed.
Term
Suppose that the Articles of Confederation are still in force and that a resolution has been proposed that would abolish the executive committee and replace it with a president. Now suppose that, out of the thirteen states, only Pennsylvania did not support the resolution. Which of the following could happen?
Definition
The resolution would fail.
Term
Which of the following explains why the writers of the Articles of Confederation intentionally created a weak government?
Definition
They were trying to set up a government that could not become tyrannical.
Term
State governments are allowed to ________.
Definition
both collect taxes and ratify amendments to the Constitution
Term
Which was not considered much at the Constitutional Convention?
Definition
the rights of women
Term
Which of the following did the Founders cite as being needful in good government?
Definition
the ability to maximize individual freedom without allowing individuals to infringe on others' freedom
Term
Paul does not own any property. He was born in the country where he currently lives, but his parents were immigrants. He is also a member of the military. What are Paul's legal rights in ancient Greece?
Definition
Paul cannot vote.
Term
Which of the following is a result of the Constitution and Bill of Rights?
Definition
all of these
Term
Generally, the law cannot prohibit people from doing things harmful to themselves as long as those things aren't harmful to others. For instance, the government can't dictate how often a person eats fast food. Why not?
Definition
The law specifically says that all powers not given to the government are reserved to the people.
Term
Match the following answers with the terms on the right.
Definition
freedom from quartering soldiers without consent - g: Third Amendment
powers not given to the government are reserved to the states or the people - a: Tenth Amendment
freedom of religion - b: First Amendment
people are not limited to the rights listed in the Constitution - c: ninth amendment
right to a trial by jury - i: seventh amendment
freedom from illegal search - e: fourth amendment
freedom of defense in court - f: sixth amendment
freedom from cruel or unusual punishment - h: eighth amenmdent
right to have due process of law - d: fifth amendment
right to bear arms - j: second amendment
Term
The crowd hissed and booed when Giles Cory left the courtroom because...
Definition
they thought he was involved in witchcraft
Term
Which of the following people was not accused of being a witch?
Definition
Mary Walcott
Term
What did the magistrate believe caused the girls to go into fits in the courthouse?
Definition
They were bewitched.
Term
When Bridget cried, "I am innocent to a witch," she meant that
Definition
she wasn't a witch
Term
The Bill of Rights had been in force for well over a hundred years when the McCarthy Trials took place. Why do you think it was ignored during these trials?
Definition
It was said in the lesson that, "fear can sometimes cause people to bypass the Bill of Rights." I believe this statement to be true as I see many people giving up their beliefs and core values because they are afraid. What they are afraid of can be many different things but acting instead of reacting to what they are afraid of usually leads to the wrong decision. This is what happened in the McCarthy Trials.
Term
(Choose all that apply) Steinbeck feels that revealing names of people he knows are innocent, in order to satisfy the demands of Congress, would be (check all that apply):
Definition
immoral, disloyal
Term
Fill in the blank: "Our virtues begin at home. They do not change in a courtroom unless the pressure of ___

is put upon us."
Definition
fear
Term
In the story Fahrenheit 451 the firemen had always burned books.
Definition
false
Term
Why was Clarisse considered odd or even dangerous?
Definition
She wanted to know why things happened.
Term
Beatty had read books before.
Definition
true
Term
When the Constitution was first written, the Anti-Federalists ________.
Definition
were concerned that a strong central government might abuse its power
Term
When Mary Warren said, "I will tell! I will tell! I will tell!" she meant ________.
Definition
she would tell Magistrate Hathorne that the accusers were lying
Term
The rights listed in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights are the only rights the people possess. Unless a right is specifically stated, the people do not have that right.
Definition
false
Term
Because of the Bill of Rights, you are _________.
Definition
allowed to self-censor books that contain objectionable content
Term
Steinbeck believes that Congress has the right to ask anyone about anything.
Definition
true
Term
According to the Fahrenheit 451 passage in unit 2, is Montag in trouble for taking a book home with him?
Definition
No, as long as he gives it back to be burned.
Term
According to Beatty in Fahrenheit 451, what do people want more than anything else?
Definition
happiness and peace
Term
At the time of the Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines, ________.
Definition
it was not clear whether students' rights to free speech were the same as adults' rights
Term
The Bill of Rights had been in force for well over a hundred years when the McCarthy Trials took place. Why was it ignored during these trials?
Definition
All of these actions caused the Bill of Rights to be ignored during these trials.
Term
What do firemen protect people against in the book Fahrenheit 451?
Definition
controversial ideas
Term
Which of the following could not have happened if the Fifth and Sixth Amendments had been instituted during the Salem witch trials?
Definition
the first and third options are correct
Term
You're at school, and you realize that you left one of your textbooks in your car. During lunch, you go to the parking lot to get it. While you're looking for the book, a teacher approaches and asks what you're doing. You tell her and hold up the textbook. She tells you to give her the book and to turn out the pockets of your jeans and jacket. You have never been in serious trouble before. According to the Fourth Amendment, does the teacher have the right to search your pockets and your book?
Definition
No. The teacher does not have a reasonable suspicion that you are hiding something.
Term
Which of the following does Steinbeck believe is the most important way for Americans to behave?
Definition
to maintain personal morality regardless of consequences
Term
The United States was the first nation to adopt a bill of rights.
Definition
false
Term
The First Amendment says, "Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech," ________.
Definition
but it does not say which kinds of speech are protected
Term
The powers not specifically given to the federal government in the Constitution ________.
Definition
are reserved for the states and also belong to the people
Term
Steinbeck believes that a person disloyal to innocent people will be loyal to his or her country.
Definition
false
Term
You were convicted of robbing an ice-cream truck and had to serve your sentence at a juvenile detention center. However, you were innocent—the ice-cream-truck driver framed you. A fellow inmate informs you of your double-jeopardy rights and explains that you can't be tried twice for the same crime. Since you've already been convicted of robbing the ice-cream truck, once you're released you can go ahead and rob it for real without being punished. Is this true?
Definition
No. The second robbery would count as a new crime.
Term
Why didn't Mary Warren tell Magistrate Hathorne that her accusers were putting on an act?
Definition
She was afraid they would name her as a witch.
Term
You're looking for a car, and you go to see one that is listed in the classified ads. The owner promises you it's in great condition. It looks like a good car, and the owner seems trustworthy, so you buy it for $2,000. A couple of days later you take it to a garage for an appraisal, and they tell you that you are the proud owner of a cleverly disguised hunk of junk. You call the previous owner, but he just laughs and says, "All sales are final." What does the Seventh Amendment give you the right to do?
Definition
File suit in a local court and tell your story to the judge and jury.
Term
What does it mean to "plead the Fifth"?
Definition
According to the Fifth Amendment, you cannot be forced to testify against yourself. Instead, you are allowed to remain silent if you "plead the Fifth."
Term
During the Salem Witch Trials, people were convicted of witchcraft due solely to the accusations of several young girls. Why was it so easy for these girls to influence the courts?
Definition
They lived in a superstitious community, and people accused of committing crimes had no definite rights or protections.
Term
How does the Bill of Rights protect you from being falsely convicted of a crime?
Definition
all of these
Term
One of the long-term consequences of Tinker v. Des Moines is to _________.
Definition
assert that students share the same right as adults to free symbolic speech that does not harm or threaten to harm
Term
The Supreme Court ruled that wearing an armband as political protest is ________.
Definition
pure speech
Term
Which of the following rights, guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, were violated in the excerpt from Fahrenheit 451?
Definition
freedom of speech and freedom of the press
Term
Franklin and Jefferson both loved science, inventing, and music.
Definition
true
Term
Jefferson believed that education for the masses would serve the common good of the republic.
Definition
true
Term
Washington's example has helped Americans appreciate how the balance and division of power helps protect their rights.
Definition
true
Term
George Washington desired to be the king but was finally persuaded to refuse the offer.
Definition
false
Term
The rule of law teaches us that even the president is subject to the United States Constitution.
Definition
true
Term
The Constitution required that Washington serve only two terms as president.
Definition
false
Term
Franklin taught that little expenses don't matter.
Definition
false
Term
The Puritans were members of a religious sect with a strict work ethic.
Definition
true
Term
Franklin believed that nothing brings more pain than too much pleasure.
Definition
true
Term
When Washington wrote to Colonel Nicola, "Be assured, Sir, no occurrence in the course of the war has given me more painful sensations than your information of there being such ideas existing in the army as you have expressed, and I must view them with abhorrence," he was talking about ________.
Definition
the proposal that Washington should be king
Term
How many terms did George Washington serve as president?
Definition
two
Term
Benjamin Franklin was concerned that the "spirit of the common man" be established in this country ________.
Definition
so that enlightened and common people would desire to immigrate to our country
Term
What changed the minds of the army officers who were planning to form a rebellion and march on the country's capital?
Definition
Washington put on his glasses during a speech, admitting he could not see well because of the strain of many battles.
Term
Which statement best describes Franklin's attitude on wisdom and foolishness?
Definition
Educated fools are often worse than ignorant fools.
Term
What effect did Washington have on America's view of the balance of power?
Definition
Americans understand that individual rights can be threatened when too much power is vested in one group or person.
Term
Complete the Franklin quote: "None preaches better than the ant"
Definition
"and she says nothing"
Term
Jefferson, in an amazing example of his love for education, amassed a collection of ________.
Definition
6,700 books
Term
Jefferson believed that education for the masses would serve the common good of the republic.
Definition
true
Term
Jefferson believed that education for the masses would serve the common good of the republic.
Definition
take pleasures and then suffer pains
Term
When Franklin penned these two sayings, "Who is strong? He that can conquer his _____________," and "Tis easier to prevent ______________ than to break them," about what was he writing?
Definition
bad habits
Term
According to Franklin, "Idleness makes life more relaxing."
Definition
false
Term
Franklin and Jefferson both loved science, inventing, and music.
Definition
true
Term
Which of the following statements best describes Benjamin Franklin's attitudes on managing money?
Definition
overspending has negative consequences
Term
Franklin writes, "Nothing brings more pain than too much pleasure; nothing more bondage than too much liberty." Which of the following statements describes Franklin's implied meaning?
Definition
All of these statements describe Franklin's implied meaning.
Term
The Puritans believed that ________.
Definition
hard work and industry were effective ways to overcome humankind's evil tendencies
Term
According to Washington's statements discussed in this unit, what is necessary for our constitutional republic to function and for the people to remain free?
Definition
public and private morality and virtue
Term
Which of the following best describes Alexander Hamilton's contribution to the character of America?
Definition
his progressive economic policies
Term
FDR's social reform program, the New Deal, included many specific things to help people suffering from the effects of the Great Depression. Which of the following might be other things FDR's program would favor?
Definition
All of these are other things that would be favored.
Term
Which of the following would not be one of Washington's ideas of how the president should function in governing the nation?
Definition
What the president does and how he acts in his personal life is not important in leading the country.
Term
The two-party system with which Thomas Jefferson became involved was one George Washington had strongly opposed.
Definition
true
Term
Of the following titles, which best fit(s) the president's domestic policy responsibilities?
Definition
chief executive
Term
Because the king of Great Britain was considered "the fountain of honor," he was given unlimited power to appoint and even create offices. What sorts of practices might that power encourage?
Definition
all of the above could result from such unlimited power
Term
What events influenced President Kennedy's popularity with the American people?
Definition
All of these influenced Kennedy's popularity.
Term
What can we learn about Lincoln and his vision for America from his statement "we here highly resolved that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth"?
Definition
President Lincoln wanted the citizens of the whole nation to remember the Founding Fathers' vision of a people who could govern themselves by the voice of the people. Those who fought in the Civil War, he reminded, fought to protect those ideals.
Term
By what authority is the president commander in chief of the armed forces?
Definition
It is a provision of the Constitution and a duty the Founders determined would be under the control of one person.
Term
With the exception of one president, no one has served for more than two full terms in office. Why was this originally the case?
Definition
George Washington stepped down from office after two terms and everyone else wanted to show respect for him.
Term
What does Jefferson's writing of the Declaration of Independence show about the American people?
Definition
Americans are spirited and have definite ideas about what is right and wrong.
Term
According to Federalist No. 69, in what way does a king receive his power, and how could it be taken away?
Definition
He receives his power by inheriting it through bloodlines. That power can only be taken away through rebellion.
Term
How would the president be punished if he acted in a way that was not in accordance with the law?
Definition
He would be punished according to the ordinary course of law, and he could be impeached.
Term
Which statement best describes the relationship between the executive and legislative branches?
Definition
Since World War II, most presidents have faced a Congress controlled by the opposing party, which has caused much political gridlock.
Term
Which of the following is not something President Bush asked of the American people or said they had already done following the 11 September 2001 attacks?
Definition
He asked them to retaliate against terrorism in their own communities.
Term
What does it mean for the king to have an absolute negative power while the president has a qualified negative power?
Definition
Both of these statements describe the difference between absolute negative power and qualified negative power.
Term
Which of the following is not a requirement to become president?
Definition
You must be at least twenty-five years old.
Term
What effect did Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs have on the American people?
Definition
All of these were effects of President Truman's decision to drop the bomb.
Term
Match the following:
Definition
Congress - b: legislature
Supreme Court - c: judiciary
Term
Constitutionally, the president is quite powerful. However, many obstacles limit presidents' efforts to use their constitutional authority. Which of the following is a significant limit on presidential power?
Definition
divided-party control of the national government
Term
Which of the following is an example of an auxiliary precaution?
Definition
the president's ability to veto a bill passed by the Congress
Term
Which of the following is true of bills in the legislative process?
Definition
They are harder to pass than kill.
Term
Which of the following accurately describes the way the House of Representatives and Senate are organized?
Definition
100 members in the Senate, 435 in the House
Term
Bills must be passed in identical format by both the Senate and the House before being sent to the president. Under what circumstances does this most frequently occur?
Definition
Two versions of the bill are run through the House and Senate simultaneously, and a special House-Senate "conference committee" is established to create a compromise version of the bill.
Term
When do bills come to the floor for debate in the Senate?
Definition
when the majority and minority leaders decide to bring them before the entire Senate
Term
When do bills come to the floor for debate in the Senate?
Definition
when the majority and minority leaders decide to bring them before the entire Senate
Term
In the case study that was mentioned previously on the last several pages, Shane was upset because
Definition
the after-school program budget was being eliminated
Term
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the Supreme Court's work load?
Definition
Less than ten percent of cases appealed to the Supreme Court are formally reviewed by the Court.
Term
How did Shane and his class find out how their representatives had voted on funding for after-school programs?
Definition
They accessed the information on the Internet.
Term
A bill is passed by Congress and signed by the president, but many people believe it is unconstitutional. Before it can be implemented, several concerned citizens join together and bring a case before the Supreme Court challenging the validity of the law. What is the Court most likely to do in this instance?
Definition
Refuse to hear the case because there is no real case or controversy yet.
Term
Match each branch of government with its correct power.
Definition
President - veto power
Supreme Court - power to determine constitutionality of laws
United States Congress - power of the purse
Term
What is divided-party government?
Definition
a frequent occurrence that makes it more difficult for the president to work with the Congress
Term
What must be true for someone to have standing before the Supreme Court?
Definition
The individual bringing the case must demonstrate "injury in fact."
Term
Where do most bills stop that are not passed?
Definition
in the standing committee charged with first consideration of the bill
Term
Federal officials are not all elected at the same time. Which of the following are the correct numbers to complete this sentence? Presidential elections are every ____ years, House elections are every ____ years, and Senate elections are every ____ years.
Definition
four, two, six
Term
What is significant about the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison?
Definition
It was the first case in which the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress unconstitutional.
Term
How can ordinary citizens affect the congressional process of passing or rejecting a bill?
Definition
Citizens can contact their congressional representatives in a variety of ways and express their thoughts and concerns about a bill.
Term
How long do Supreme Court justices serve?
Definition
for life, with good behavior
Term
Which of the following most accurately describes the organization and operation of the U.S. Senate?
Definition
There is no Rules Committee like there is in the House.
Term
About how many of the cases that come before it does the Supreme Court hear?
Definition
less than 10 percent of them
Term
In which of the following ways does Congress check the president in his role as commander in chief?
Definition
Congress reserves the right to declare war.
Term
What happens to a bill immediately after it is introduced in the legislative process?
Definition
It is assigned to a committee, amended in committee, debated on the floor, sent to conference committee, sent back to each house for a vote, then sent to the president. (in this exact order)
Term
How many U.S. senators are up for re-election every two years?
Definition
one-third
Term
Federal judges can be impeached and removed from the bench for "bad behavior." How many times has this happened in United States constitutional history?
Definition
Fewer than twenty judges have been impeached, and fewer than ten have been removed from the bench.
Term
How easily can the voting records of congressional representatives be accessed by ordinary citizens?
Definition
Congressional voting records are considered public information and can be accessed on the Internet by anybody.
Term
Why do some argue that the Supreme Court "legislates from the bench" or, in other words, actually makes law?
Definition
The Supreme Court's rulings become part of Constitutional law.
Term
A law is passed limiting the free speech rights of high school students. A group of teachers brings a case before the Supreme Court challenging the law on the grounds that it violates the students' First Amendment rights. What is the Supreme Court most likely to do in this case?
Definition
refuse to hear the case because the individuals bringing the case before it do not have standing
Term
What must the Congress do to override a presidential veto?
Definition
The House and Senate must vote by a two-thirds majority in support of the vetoed legislation.
Term
Which of the following types of cases fall under the Supreme Court's jurisdiction?
Definition
questions and disputes arising under the Constitution
Term
Which of the following is the most correct answer to this question: What were the Framers seeking to accomplish through the establishment of three distinct branches of government?
Definition
to prevent the accumulation of power in one office or branch by setting "ambition against ambition" in the federal government
Term
The Framers of the Constitution intended to create a government in which ________.
Definition
it would be difficult to act and comparatively easy to block action
Term
How many representatives is each state allowed to have in the House?
Definition
It depends on the proportion of the state's population to the nation's population.
Term
If there were fifty-five states, how many United States senators would there be?
Definition
110
Term
What year was the Declaration of Independence adopted by Congress?
Definition
1776
Term
Did England have any chance to make things right with the colonies before the Declaration of Independence was written?
Definition
yes
Term
What country did the declaration proclaim independence from?
Definition
Great Britain
Term
When did women get the right to vote nationally?
Definition
1919
Term
What does discrimination mean?
Definition
When you treat a certain category or class unfairly.
Term
What does the title "Justice" mean?
Definition
The title "Justice" means that a person is a member of the Supreme Court.
Term
How does Frederick Douglass know so much about prejudice?
Definition
Frederick Douglass was black and lived in a time when there was a lot of prejudice against blacks.
Term
What was a "Jim Crow car"?
Definition
A "Jim Crow car" was a train car where blacks were expected to ride separate from whites.
Term
Who were the abolitionists mentioned in the reading passages?
Definition
Abolitionists are people who wanted to free the slaves.
Term
List the three main steps to achieving your personal American dream.
Definition
Write down your dream, set smaller goals and write them down, and start working on your smaller goals.
Term
During Adam Smith's college years, the teachers at Glasgow were superior to the teachers at Oxford because ________.
Definition
they were paid according to their skills
Term
Which of the following activities will best help you achieve your goals?
Definition
writing out long-term goals and working toward smaller, "stepping stone" goals to get there
Term
Use this information to answer the next five questions: based on our discussion in this unit, decide which attitudes and ideas are important to achieving the American dream.
Definition
determination - yes
a support system - yes
courage - yes
sense of humor - yes
bitterness - no
Term
How are prejudice and ignorance related?
Definition
prejudices show how little a person knows about another person or group
Term
Referring to the passages by Frederick Douglass, why was Mr. Douglass unwilling to move to the Jim Crow car?
Definition
He wanted to help people understand that the rule was irrational.
Term
According to our discussion of Justice O'Connor's story, what attribute is not essential to achieving your dream?
Definition
sociability
Term
Which of the following steps did Edie Waddell take to achieve her goals?
Definition
She took all of these steps to achieve her goals.
Term
What would most likely happen if a business were to mark up its prices for a particular item?
Definition
The business would sell fewer items.
Term
Referring to the passages by Frederick Douglass, how did Col. Clifford help others overcome their prejudices?
Definition
He was happy to see Mr. Douglass and sat next to him.
Term
Referring to the story about Sandra Day O'Connor, what did Justice O'Connor do when she was faced with discrimination?
Definition
She decided to look for a job in public service.
Term
What do American independence, women's rights, and civil rights all have in common?
Definition
all three are concerned with respecting the rights and equality of people
Term
Why do businesses compete in a free market system?
Definition
to maximize their profits
Term
Why was the Declaration of Independence written?
Definition
The British government repeatedly ignored the colonists' rights.
Term
Your friend tells you he has read the Declaration of Independence and that equality is not an important part of its message. What do you do?
Definition
disagree
Term
Referring to the passages by Frederick Douglass, how would you describe Frederick Douglass's attitude when writing his autobiography?
Definition
humored, but a little irritated
Term
How can you best help other people overcome their prejudices?
Definition
show them that you are not prejudiced
Term
Referring to the story about Sandra Day O'Connor, why did Sandra Day O'Connor have a difficult time finding a job out of law school?
Definition
No law firm in California wanted to hire her because of her gender.
Term
Which of the following would be true if economic specialization did not exist?
Definition
We would have to make our own clothes.
Term
What did the signers of the Declaration of Independence have to lose?
Definition
their land and money, their honor, and maybe even their lives
Term
How would you summarize what happened to the signers of the Declaration of Independence?
Definition
Many died from the hardships of the Revolutionary War. Some were tortured, many lost their fortunes, and some lost their families.
Term
According to Thomas Jefferson, what were two of the responsibilities of a "wise and frugal government"?
Definition
preserve the freedom of citizens to choose their occupation and to keep what they earn
Term
Which of these was not true at the time the Declaration of Independence was written?
Definition
King George was reading the "Olive Branch Petition."
Term
Which of the following phrases best describes the principle of laissez-faire?
Definition
less government is better government
Term
Referring to the story about Sandra Day O'Connor, to what did Sandra Day O'Connor attribute her motivation to never admit defeat?
Definition
her grandmother's confidence in her ability to succeed at any endeavor
Term
Which of the following had the most influence on the development of our present free enterprise system?
Definition
both the Declaration of Independence and the ideas in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations
Term
Referring to the passages by Frederick Douglass, according to Frederick Douglass's observations why did many well-meaning people, including abolitionists, still struggled with prejudice toward him?
Definition
They had been falsely taught their entire lives to fear black people. For them, overcoming those fears took some courage.
Term
How can you best overcome your prejudices?
Definition
learn more about the people you are prejudiced against
Term
Which of the following is not part of the definition of free enterprise?
Definition
a stock market
Term
What is the most likely interpretation of Adam Smith's idea of the "invisible hand"?
Definition
When each person is allowed to pursue his or her own interests in society, everyone is better off.
Term
____ is a good definition for the press.
Definition
news media
Term
How does the press help the American people make good decisions?
Definition
It gives them information and an opportunity to debate important issues so they can make informed decisions for themselves.
Term
Freedom of expression and freedom of the press mean the same thing.
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following is a form of the press, according to this unit?
Definition
a Web site that reports worldwide current events
Term
What was the jury's verdict in the trial of John Peter Zenger?
Definition
Not guilty; Zenger's newspaper told the truth!
Term
Which of the following come(s) from Dana Bullen's list of six ways an independent press helps a society develop?
Definition
All of these are on the list of ways an independent press helps society.
Term
What was the intended purpose of conflict in American society?
Definition
Conflict can lead to better decisions, compromise, and positive change.
Term
Freedom of the press mostly has to do with ________.
Definition
journalism and the rights of journalists to gather and publish news
Term
Who said "were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."
Definition
Thomas Jefferson
Term
Which of the following best represents Marvin Kalb's thoughts toward the news media today?
Definition
People can still find quality news because technology provides a variety of choices.
Term
Who is ultimately responsible for regulating the press?
Definition
the press, though consumers can also influence
Term
Which of the following is the best example of expression, according to unit 7?
Definition
a bumper sticker that reads: "Use your turn signal, buddy!"
Term
Complete the following quote by James Madison: "A popular Government without popular ____________ or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy or perhaps both."
Definition
information
Term
How did early English rulers regulate the press?
Definition
Printers had to be licensed, and they could be charged with treason and tried before a court.
Term
What was Thomas Jefferson's attitude toward the American people?
Definition
He had great faith in their "good sense" and their ability to correct their own errors.
Term
Why is public debate important to American society?
Definition
Public debate is important to American society for all of these reasons.
Term
The first colonial newspaper was ________.
Definition
Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick
Term
What was libel, according to early English law?
Definition
a published statement or accusation that damaged another person's reputation
Term
Who drafted (wrote) the First Amendment?
Definition
James Madison
Term
What word means the exact opposite of biased?
Definition
objective
Term
Which of the following best describes one of the reasons we need journalism today?
Definition
We need journalists to sift through the mountains of available information to find and interpret the news that is most important and relevant to us.
Term
Which of the following is the best definition of an independent press?
Definition
A press that isn't made up of government officials, doesn't rely on the government for funding, and doesn't have to report its activities to the government.
Term
How do most news organizations pay for their operations?
Definition
corporate sponsors and advertising
Term
Freedom of the press ensures a conflict-free society.
Definition
false
Term
What is an ombudsman?
Definition
someone hired by a news organization to listen to complaints from readers and viewers, then pass those complaints on to the appropriate reporters and editors
Term
What part of the Constitution guarantees freedom of the press?
Definition
the First Amendment
Term
What section of the Constitution of the United States declares that we will create a military presence (provide for the common defense)?
Definition
Article I, Section 8
Term
Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution mentions the army and the navy. Why does it not mention the air force?
Definition
There was no air force at the time the Constitution was written.
Term
What section of the Constitution states that the president shall be the commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States?
Definition
Article II, Section 2
Term
In what section does the Constitution identify treason and what the penalty is?
Definition
Article III, Section 3
Term
The DHS is divided into how many directorates?
Definition
five
Term
The military keeps us safe from threats beyond our borders. To help keep us safe from threats within our borders, a new department has been created. What is it called?
Definition
Department of Homeland Security
Term
How many agencies now report to the DHS?
Definition
122
Term
What were the main grounds for the creation of the Department of Homeland Security?
Definition
events of 9/11
Term
Police officers are subject to the law.
Definition
true
Term
Who do law enforcement officers report to?
Definition
an elected official
Term
At which level do highway patrol officers operate?
Definition
state level
Term
The framers of the Constitution understood how easy it can be for military leaders to seize power and take over the government of a nation. What did they do to prevent this?
Definition
They made the President, who is an elected official, the commander in chief of the military.
Term
At which level do highway patrol officers operate?
Definition
state level
Term
At which level do sheriffs operate?
Definition
county level
Term
The Federal Computer Incident Response Center helps protect Americans against hackers and computer information terrorists. This department is under what directorate in the Department of Homeland Security?
Definition
Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
Term
Police officers are subject to the law.
Definition
true
Term
The framers of the Constitution understood that threats to national security could come from within the nation if someone chose to be a traitor to America's cause. The first traitor to this nation was Benedict Arnold. A traitor commits acts of treason by giving aid and comfort to the enemy. What happens to those convicted of committing treason?
Definition
Congress decides. Often the penalty is death.
Term
What is the main reason the United States has a strong military?
Definition
to preserve America's freedoms and keep America safe from outside threats
Term
Many people come to the United States each year, seeking the freedom that is found in the United States. Their immigration applications are processed by the Immigration Department. This department is under what directorate in the Department of Homeland Security?
Definition
Border and Transportation
Term
How can you as an American citizen help the Department of Homeland Security?
Definition
by reporting any suspicious activity
Term
The Animal Disease Center is under what directorate in the Department of Homeland Security?
Definition
Science and Technology
Term
Every four years, the United States swears in a new president. What unique and essential aspect of America's character does this act illustrate?
Definition
Power changes hands peacefully without any military action or bloodshed.
Term
The Strategic National Stockpile (of Medicines) helps keep citizens protected from major diseases. What directorate in the Department of Homeland Security is this department under?
Definition
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Term
Many police officers have shown great heroism in emergency situations.
Definition
true
Term
Who do law enforcement officers report to?
Definition
an elected official
Term
What does immigration mean?
Definition
to come into a country of which one is not a native for permanent residence
Term
What are some of the reasons people immigrated to America?
Definition
to find all of these
Term
Who are the people believed to be the first settlers on the American continent?
Definition
Native Americans
Term
What major event(s) helped spur the mass immigration of the mid-nineteenth century?
Definition
a potato famine in Ireland
Term
What ancient civilization(s) had governments the Founders studied when they wrote the Constitution?
Definition
both Greece and Rome
Term
How are immigration and the civil rights movement related?
Definition
At the height of the civil rights movement, a law was repealed that discriminated against immigrants because of their race.
Term
Where does the largest immigrant group today originate from?
Definition
the Americas (North, Central, and South)
Term
Who was Martin Luther King?
Definition
all of these
Term
Approximately how many visas are made available by the Visa lottery each year?
Definition
55,000
Term
What can a citizen petitioning the USCIS on behalf of a noncitizen family member be compared to?
Definition
an employee delivering a friend's resume to the boss
Term
What is the purpose of the Diversity Visa Lottery Program?
Definition
to increase the diversity of the immigrant population entering the United States
Term
What are some ways to qualify for legal permanent residency in the United States?
Definition
all of these
Term
What is the difference between an immigrant visa and a nonimmigrant visa?
Definition
Immigrant visas are issued to people planning to live and work in the United States permanently, and nonimmigrant visas are given to visitors.
Term
People immigrated to the United States ________.
Definition
to do all of these
Term
What is a permanent resident?
Definition
a person who has permission to live and work in the United States permanently
Term
Most Asians who immigrated to America intended to ________.
Definition
earn large sums of money and then return to their homelands to either start or support a family
Term
In what major way did immigration affect America around the time of the American Revolution?
Definition
Immigrants to America brought European ideas and philosophies that became the foundation of America's government.
Term
Which of the following groups of people do not qualify for immigration through employment?
Definition
immigrants who have no potential job, but are willing to work
Term
How did the civil rights movement impact immigration?
Definition
At the height of the civil rights movement, a law was repealed that discriminated against immigrants because of their race.
Term
When a person applies for permanent residency through a close relative, he or she is placed in one of four preference categories. Which category has the first preference?
Definition
unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
Term
Which of the following options is the best definition of immigration?
Definition
to enter a new country for the purpose of living there permanently
Term
Which of the following ways to apply for permanent residency is usually the quickest and most reliable?
Definition
immigration through an immediate relative
Term
Most of today's immigrants originate from ________.
Definition
the Americas (North, Central, and South)
Term
What is the purpose of the visa lottery?
Definition
to increase the diversity of the immigrant population entering the United States
Term
An immigrant must do each of the following things to qualify for American citizenship except ________.
Definition
promise to never leave the United States
Term
What is a refugee?
Definition
a person who flees from another country to escape persecution
Term
Why was it difficult for Chinese immigrants to enter the United States?
Definition
Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.
Term
What were some of the conditions early immigrants had to endure during their journey to America?
Definition
all of these conditions
Term
Who were picture brides?
Definition
Asian women who immigrated to America to meet a husband they had only seen previously in pictures
Term
According to John LaCrosse, why were George Washington and Abraham Lincoln considered great?
Definition
They rose to the challenges of their day.
Term
The most important thing we can do as Americans is understand our rights.
Definition
false
Term
How do the rights mentioned in the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence compare with the rights valued by U.S. citizens today?
Definition
There are a lot of similarities between the rights listed in those documents and citizens' rights today.
Term
Who wrote the Virginia Plan, which was used as the basis for the U.S. Constitution?
Definition
James Madison
Term
Who wrote the Virginia Plan, which was used as the basis for the U.S. Constitution?
Definition
James Madison
Term
In John LaCrosse's article, "What It Means To Be an American," which of the following is not included as part of the author's definition of being an American?
Definition
realizing that you're better than the people of other nations
Term
The Declaration of Independence was a list of suggestions given to the U.S. president so he would know how to improve America.
Definition
false
Term
In the American political system, what opportunities do ordinary people have to participate in the political process?
Definition
Ordinary Americans have a wide variety of tools and opportunities available to them to participate.
Term
The Guide to Naturalization states that to become a citizen, one must commit to doing several things above and beyond those things listed in the Oath of Allegiance. Which of the following is not included in this list of commitments?
Definition
vote and serve on juries
Term
In the American political process, how important is public opinion?
Definition
Public opinion is the most important influence on public policy decisions.
Term
The Pledge of Allegiance is only a commitment to the American Flag.
Definition
false
Term
According to the lesson, how effective are community service projects in bringing communities together?
Definition
They are more effective than elections or laws at bringing communities together.
Term
Why does Susan B. Anthony state in her speech that it is a mockery to talk to women about the blessings of liberty they enjoy?
Definition
Women in her day were denied the only means of securing for themselves the blessings of liberty--the right to vote.
Term
To whom did President Johnson deliver his speech?
Definition
Congress
Term
Which of the following statements about literacy tests is correct?
Definition
Literacy tests are unconstitutional because they unfairly deny individuals the privilege of voting even when they are eligible to do so.
Term
To whom did the Twenty-sixth Amendment extend the right to vote?
Definition
individuals eighteen years of age or older
Term
The Motor Voter Act of 1993 made it possible for what to occur?
Definition
It made it possible for eligible voters to register when they register their cars or visit a government agency for other purposes.
Term
What does the term suffrage mean?
Definition
the right to vote
Term
The author of "Mapping the American Spirit" disagrees with the statement that "the soul of America can be found in a Happy Meal."
Definition
true
Term
In the story "Colors," who was observing the marine?
Definition
a foreign diplomat
Term
What do the four people quoted in the article, "Mapping the American Spirit" have in common?
Definition
They are all American citizens.
Term
In Ron Bernthal's article, "Mapping the American Spirit," what are some of the characteristics of the American people that the author observed?
Definition
People are proud of their country and the rights and responsibilities it offers them.
Term
Why is it so important that the values of American citizens today are the same as the values of Americans more than two hundred years ago?
Definition
all of these options are correct
Term
In the story "Colors," the observer was annoyed and impatient with the arrogance of the marine.
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following is an example of good citizenship?
Definition
You are not yet old enough to vote, but you decide to get involved in community service after hearing the president talk about how we should look out for each other.
Term
Why does citizenship play such a major role in shaping the character of America?
Definition
The responsibilities we have as citizens require us to decide what this nation will be.
Term
Voter registration is ________.
Definition
required in almost every state
Term
In the citizenship unit, which of the following is emphasized as one of the most important tools available to help individuals become effective participants in the political process?
Definition
accurate and timely information
Term
Which of the following scenarios is not a good example of citizenship?
Definition
You learn that a family in your neighborhood is in need of help. Before offering your services, though, you find out they are Muslim and decide not to help to show your disapproval of the 11 September 2001 attacks.
Term
"The right of the people to alter or to abolish [a destructive form of government]" would be most likely be identified by today's citizens as the right to ________.
Definition
government that is by the people and for the people
Term
Alexis de Tocqueville argued that democracy in America has succeeded because of what aspect about Americans?
Definition
They are independent, but not to excess—they regularly attend to the public interest at the expense of their own interests.
Term
Among the following choices, what is the most likely reason that most eligible voters do not turn out on election day?
Definition
Voters are generally satisfied with the way things are going, so they don't feel the need to get involved.
Term
To which group did the Twenty-sixth Amendment extend the right to vote?
Definition
individuals eighteen years of age or older
Term
The author of "Mapping the American Spirit" states that in 2002 the nation's larger issues were uniting the people more than the smaller issues were dividing them. According to the unit, why would this be the case?
Definition
After the terrorist attacks in 2001, people were reminded of the ideals that Americans have always cherished, and as a result, many of the less important issues were forgotten.
Term
According to unit 10, how can citizens directly contribute to a fair and just criminal judicial system?
Definition
serving jury duty
Term
Why does the narrator of the article "Colors" view the actions of the marine as a more effective demonstration of the might, power, and glory of the United States than any military demonstration could ever do?
Definition
The narrator caught a glimpse of the character of America in the actions of one individual and recognized that it is the individual citizens more than anything else that makes a country great.
Term
The marine in the article "Colors" showed that he was proud to be an American. Which of the following is not one of the ways he showed his pride in his country?
Definition
He was rude to the foreign diplomat because the diplomat was not American.
Term
According to John LaCrosse in his article "What It Means to Be an American," why will future generations look kindly on us?
Definition
Our generation has some big challenges to deal with today, and we will rise to meet those challenges.
Term
To which group did the Twenty-third Amendment extend the right to vote?
Definition
residents of the District of Columbia
Term
The right of "Pursuit of Happiness" would be most likely be identified by today's citizens as the right to ________.
Definition
ability to decide what I want to be
Term
Why would President Johnson be so concerned about having citizens and leaders across the nation join him in the cause of achieving equal rights for all citizens?
Definition
No matter what laws are passed, it is up to the individuals to ensure that equality really comes to pass.
Term
The right to "Domestic Tranquility" would be most likely be identified by today's citizens as the right to ________.
Definition
individual security
Term
Why would Susan B. Anthony and Lyndon B. Johnson both refer to the Constitution to make their points when their concerns were about current issues?
Definition
They knew the Constitution is still important even today because the rights it extends to citizens are valid in any age.
Term
What was President Johnson's aim with his speech to Congress?
Definition
to convince Congress to pass the Voting Rights bill and remove all barriers to voting for black people
Term
To which group did the Nineteenth Amendment extend the right to vote?
Definition
women
Term
Susan B. Anthony was influential in bringing about what important change in voting rights?
Definition
The right to vote was extended to women.
Term
Which of the following is an appropriate way to become a more involved citizen?
Definition
All of these are good ways to become more involved.
Term
To which group did the Fifteenth Amendment extend the right to vote?
Definition
men of all colors or races, regardless of former status as a slave
Supporting users have an ad free experience!