Term
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Definition
| The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system in order to protect individuals against a disease. |
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Term
| Who developed the first official vaccination? |
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Definition
| Edward Jenner - smallpox - variolation technique using cowpox virus |
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Term
| Is it possible for a portion of the population to become immune to a disease either through natural immunity or vaccination? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The inability of an infection to spread within a population due to the lack of susceptibility. |
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Term
| What is naturally-acquired active immunity? |
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Definition
Natural exposure to an antigen causes a person to create their own antibodies.
Ex: Getting over chicken pox. |
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Term
| What is Naturally-acquired passive immunity? |
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Definition
Natural activities provide the individual with antibodies that someone else has made after natural exposure to an antigen.
Ex: Mother to child through breast milk or across placenta |
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Term
| What is Artificially-acquired active immunity? |
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Definition
Deliberate exposure to antigen via an injection causes the person to make their own antibodies to the antigen.
Ex: Immunization |
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Term
| What is Artifically-acquired passive immunity? |
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Definition
Deliberate introduction of antibodies made by some other individual into the body of the patient.
Ex: RhoGAM and antivenom |
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Term
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Definition
| a preparation of living or inactivated microorganisms, viruses, or their components used to induce active immunity. |
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Term
| What are the requirements of a safe vaccine? |
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Definition
1.)Safe
2.)few side effects
3.)provide lasting immunity against a specific illness by inducing antibodies, immune response or both.
4.)low cost
5.)stable with a long shelf life
6.)easy to administer |
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Term
| What is an attenuated vaccine? |
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Definition
| A weakened form of the disease-causing agent. Still alive. |
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Term
| An attenuated vaccine is generally _____ to cause disease but can still induce an ______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does an attenuated vaccine usually cause an infection with undetectable symtpoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can be spread from an ________ person to a ____-________ people, inadvertently immunizing people. |
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Definition
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Term
| Can attenuated strains cross the placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can they do since they can be spread? |
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Definition
| Cause disease in immunosupressed people. |
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Term
| Can some attenuated forms mutate back to the disease-causing form it came from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of an attenuated vaccine? |
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Definition
| tuberculosis, MMR, oral polio, chickenpox, flu mist. |
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Term
| What are innactivated vaccines? |
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Definition
| Forms that are unable to replicate but still cause immune response. |
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Term
| Can inactivated diseases cause infection, revert to dangerous forms, or be passed on to others? |
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Definition
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Term
| The magnitude of immune response by inactivated vaccines is _____. Most require ______ exposures. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that enhances the immune response to the antigen |
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Term
| What are the two categories of inactivated vaccines? |
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Definition
1.)whole agents
2.)fractions of the agents |
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Term
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Definition
| dead microorganisms or inactivated viruses. ex: flu shot. |
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Term
| What are fractions of the agent? |
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Definition
| Only pieces of the microorganisms that can induce an immune response. |
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Term
| What are some examples of fractions of the agent? |
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Definition
Toxoids - inactivated toxins
Protein subunit vaccines - composed of key protein antigens of the infectous agents.
Polysaccaride vaccines - composed of polysaccarides that make up the capsule of certain microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of serum antibodies to detect and identify antigens, or conversely, use of known antigens to detect antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the amounbt of specific antibody in a serum. |
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Term
| What is a monoclonal body? |
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Definition
| Contain only one antibody with one specificity. commonly used in immunoassays. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay |
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Term
| How is an ELISA performed? |
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Definition
| KNown antigen is attached to plastic wells. The serum is added/incubated and if antibodies are present they will bind to the antigen. To detect if antigen-antibody rxn have occur, HGG is added which reacts with any bound antibodies and the excess is washed away. A chromogen is added and color end product is produced if antibodies were present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of electrophoesis with ELISA to separate and identify proteins antigents in a mixture. |
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Term
| What is the fluorescent antibody technique? |
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Definition
Indirect - detects presence of antibodies produced in response to an antigen. SYPHILUS.
If it gets illuminated, you have it ya skank~! |
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