Term
| 4 major applications of DNA Technology |
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Definition
| Cloning, medicines, forensics, agricultural engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA profiling, use of biotechnology to establish identities |
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Term
| Explain how repeated sequences are used to compare DNA from 2 individuals |
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Definition
| Can compare the unique parts of DNA to establish a match (crime scene to criminal) |
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Term
| Describe the purpose of an STR profile |
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Definition
| Produces a pattern of peaks which can differentiate two people, or confirm the source of the DNA they match |
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Term
| Describe the STR analysis and explain why there are 2 peaks at each loci |
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Definition
| One form mother, one from father |
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Term
| Describe CODIS and indicate the number of loci analyzed by this system |
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Definition
| The core STR loci with chromosome position |
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Term
| Define genetic engineering |
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Definition
| Altering something known at a genetic level to be something slightly different |
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Term
| Give 6 examples of genetic engineering in agriculture |
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Definition
| Built in insecticides in crops, built in herbacides, fruits that ripen more slowly, resistance to drought or freezing, grow faster, more nutritious |
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Term
| List and explain 5 fears of GMOs in agriculture |
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Definition
1. pests build resistance
2. killing the unintended (animals)
3. not enough testing or regulation
4. dangerous to humans
5. loss of genetic diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| Producing medicines to treat diseases |
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Term
| List 3 hormones that are produced through recombinant DNA technology, and state the basic function of each hormone |
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Definition
Insulin- causes cells to take sugar from blood
HGH- stimulates protein synthesis
Erythropoietin- regulates production of red blood cells |
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Term
| Define gene therapy, and explain two ways of getting the functioning gene into a patient |
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Definition
| Inserting functional genes into cells, replacing defective versions SCID, stem cells |
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Term
| List and describe 3 problems of gene therapy |
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Definition
Delivery of the working gene gets blocked by the immune systerm
Difficult to get gene working into enough cells without disrupting function in other cells
Problem with transfer getting into wrong cells |
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Term
| List and differentiate 3 types of cloning |
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Definition
SCNT- transfers DNA from donor to enucleated egg
Embryo cloning- producing human embryos for research use
Reproductive cloning- used to generate animal with same DNA as already existing animal |
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Term
| Define morula and blastocyst, and identify the number of days of development it take to reach each stage |
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Definition
Morula- 1-4 daysm a ball of 32 identical cells
Blastocyst- 4-7 days, hollow ball surrounded by outer layer of cells |
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Term
| Describe the purpose of stem cell research |
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Definition
| Can lead to curing of diseases |
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Term
| Explain what a stem cell line is |
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Definition
| A family of constantly dividing cells |
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Term
| Describe the goals and controversy of embryonic cloning |
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Definition
Goal is to have a source of stem cells for research
Embryo is destroyed, raising ethical concerns |
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Term
| Describe the goals and controversy of reproductive cloning |
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Definition
| Make species that are resistant to diseases and such, some believe it is too complete and leads to high rates of death, deformity, and disability |
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Term
| Define genomics, proteomics, and bioformatics |
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Definition
Genomics- the study of genomes
Proteomics- the study of proteins in an organism
Bioinformatics- application of computer technologies to study genome and proteome |
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