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Apparel Selection Exam 1
CHapters 1 and 3
76
Other
Undergraduate 3
09/23/2011

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Term
Dress
Definition
Broad term.
Any modification of the human body for any reason

Diet:
texture: shaving, facial hair
odor: prefume, bathing soaps
color: Tanning, hair color, makeup
deformation (permanant molding or shaping of the body: corsets, feet binding, rings on neck)
Term
Clothing: body coverings
Definition
one small part of dress
Term
adornment:
Definition
emphasizes decorative dress (modifications for aesthetic or beauty reasons)
Term
How are dress, clothing and adornment interrelated?
Definition
It builds up to your appearance
Term
Appearance
Definition
includes physical features of body and dress
Term
Multi-disciplinary Approach to Dress
Definition
No one field of knowledge or discipline can full explain the importance of dress in people's lives
Term
What are the examples of the Multi-disciplinary approach to dress?
Definition
Anthropology
Psychology
Sociology
Term
Anthropology
Definition
cross-cultural comparisons of primitive society have brought an understanding of many o
Term
Psychology
Definition
Study of individual behavior
--clothing is both a stimulus and a response
--people perceive clothing stimulus in different ways and interpret the meaning according to the associations they make with it over time (dress manipulation)
--Clothing is important to the concept of self and development of personality
Term
Sociology
Definition
Study of human behavior in groups

--clothing is a symbol of the individual's role and status in society and it provides rewards of recognition, approval, and identification for the wearer.
Term
Clothing is both a _______ and a ________.
Definition
Stimulus and response
Term
People ______ clothing stimulus in different ways and _______ the meaning according to the associations they make with it over time (dress manipulation)
Definition
Perceive; interpret
Term
Clothing is important to the concept of _________________________.
Definition
Self and development of personality
Term
Clothing is a symbol of the individual's role and status in society and it provides rewards of _______________________________ for the wearer.
Definition
recognition, approval, and identification
Term
What is the Social-Psychology of clothing?
Definition
it is concerned with the role that clothes and other aspects of appearance play in people's everyday interactions with one another.
-Development of interest in the area of Soc-Psych of clothing adornment began in the 19th century.
Term
When did development of interest in the area of Soc-Psych of clothing adornment begin?
Definition
the 19th Century
Term
What are the three major reasons Soc-Psych of clothing developed?
Definition
Women's Dress Reform Movement (1850's)
Democratization of Fashion (1850's)
Interest in Sexuality (1900's)
Term
What are some characteristics of the Women's Dress Reform Movement?
Definition
-Rejection of confining clothing for women- (era of corsets and crinolines)
-Corsets were unhealthy to wear- women suffered from imparied circulation and breathing as well as miscarriages and liver and kidney problems
-Outcome was "bloomers" which caused so much controversy that people began to realize that clothing had some social significance.
Term
What are some characteristics of Democratization of Fashion?
Definition
-Fashion available to many economic levels/ aided by the Industrial Revolution- sewing machines, patterns, mass production of clothing
-Previously fashion was only available to the wealthy
-Sociologists began to study the relationship between patterns of style adoption and societal class structure.
Term
Describe some characteristics of Interest in Sexuality
Definition
-Psychologist such as Freud became interested in the "process" of sexual attraction
-The importance of clothing symbolism in this process emerged (shifting erogenous zones)
Term
What are some questions you ask yourself about your personal philosophy of dress?
Definition
-How do you feel about clothes? Are they important?
-What guides you in selecting or rejecting particular styles?
-How do you feel about the ever changing fashions?
Term
Dress as Non-Verbal Communication
Definition
Provides information during impression formation
Term
Dress as Non-verbal communication With Strangers (Appearance Stage)
Definition
-Provides easily available information
-research shows that people form an impression in a few seconds to 4 minutes
-Who the person is, what they think, feel, and do
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
One thing is good so you think other things about them must be good too
Term
Blinder Effect
Definition
People tend to not see beyond something about a person (handicap, etc.)
Term
Dress as Non-Verbal Communication with Acquaintances (Discourse Stage)
Definition
-Dress less informative
-More concerned about what they think or how they feel
Term
Dress signs and symbols
Definition
Can be communicated through 5 channels
-Visial
-Tactile
-Olfactory (smell)
-Sound
-Taste- flavored lip gloss, etc.

Are often sent unconsciously

Create shared understanding of meanings

Context affects meaning
Term
examples of Dress signs and Symbols that are often sent unconsciously
Definition
Uniforms in public
Overwhelming scents
Term
Clothing signs and symbols: Create shared understanding of meanings
Definition
-Feelback often subtle
-Changes over time
-May vary among groups
Term
Clothing signs and symbols: Context affects meaning
Definition
-Who's wearing garment (age, shape, attractiveness)
-how it's worn
where it's worn (social situation)
culture
time (when it's worn)
Term
What is Communication?
Definition
Interaction of 2 or more people

Send and receive messages
Feedback loops
Create shared meanings
Use of signs and symbols
*** verbal communication includes spoken and written
Term
Non-Verbal Communication involves:
Definition
Dress
Body Movement (kinetics)
Touching (haptics)
Distance (proxemics)
Facial Expressions
Term
Dress as a Non-Verbal Language
Definition
-Dress is a systematic (orderly) "language
-Dress is a complex or more complex than verbal language (multi-message)
Bits of information are put together according to the rules or "grammar" of dress (norms)
-Fashion (time) and aesthetics (elements and principles of design) are part of the rule system
-Some are more skilled at learning dress grammar than others
Term
Today, where does focus shift to in regards to Physical attractiveness in america?
Definition
body, physical characteristics, and modifications to the body

because.. how an individual preceives their body relates to how they clothe it
Term
Body image:
Definition
mental picture one has of his/her body
Term
Accuracy with body image varies with:
Definition
-Symbolic interaction-reaction of people around you
-Dress may alter perception
-Emotional disturbances (anorexia)
-Change in size-use clothes as measuring tapes (might lose a lot of weight and you can see it but your mind's body image doesn't catch up)
-Age, sex-Differences in male and female interpretations
Term
Body Cathexis
Definition
Degree of satisfaction with one's own body and component parts
Term
"Ideal" body for is ever _____.
Definition
Changing
Term
It is important to remember that "body form variation is ______"
Definition
normal
Term
What are the body form types? (Somatotypes)
Definition
-Ectomorph
-Mesomorph
-Endomorph
Term
What are Somatotypes?
Definition
Method for classifying body form (Sheldon, 1940)
Term
Ectomorph
Definition
long, thin bones with little muscle or fat
Term
Mesomorph
Definition
wide, thick bones, very muscular
Term
Endomorph
Definition
predominance of fat, soft, round body parts
Term
There are narrow/broad cultural norms of beauty?
Definition
BROAD
Term
Within a culture: current ideal
Definition
Changes over time
children learn the current cultural norm by age 8 or younger
Developer of Barbie doll concerned that current emphasis on thinness may be tied with playing with Barbie
Term
Apparel industry caters to the "___________" body as they define it
Definition
"Average size"
Term
The "average size" body affets estimation of self in which ways
Definition
Make people feel too short or tall, too thin or too fat
Term
Vertically well proportioned bodies can be divided into 4 parts
Definition
-bottom of foot to knee
-Knee to hip
-Hip to unerarm
-Unerarm to top of head
Term
Head Proporation
Definition
Head-length compared to body height must be in proporation (consider toddlers) divide height by head-length
--average mean and women will be 7-7 1/2 head lengths tall
--fashion models are often 8 head lengths tall
Term
Research Related to attractiveness
Definition
Generally found to be an advantage to most individuals EXCEPT for executive women.
Term
When you describe a person, what do you say?
Definition
Where they're from
where they go to school
name
hobbies
physical characteristics
age
gender
occupation
marital status
socio-economic status
Term
Role
Definition
A position occupied by a person in a social relationship and the behavior associated with the postition
Term
Ways that Americans group and classify themselves
Definition
Ascribed roles
Achieved roles
Term
What are ascribed roles?
Definition
Roles assigned at birth

Age
sex
ethnicity
physical characteristics
royalty
family position (oldest, middle, youngest)
Term
What are Achieved roles?
Definition
Gained through choice or training

Occupation
Term
For each type of group or classification, there are a series of complementary positions or statuses, give an example:
Definition
Age: child, teen, adult, elderly
University: Students, staff, faculty, administrators
Military: Lieutenant, captain, colonel, general
Term
Each position or status within a group/classification has a ______, ______, ______, and _________.
Definition
role, status, expected behaviors, dress expectations
Term
What purpose does dress serve in relation to roles?
Definition
-Can assist a person in LEARNING a role
-Can assist in PERFORMING a role
-Can assist in IDENTIFYING others performing a role
-Can assist in MAKING a role changed
Term
Role Cluster
Definition
Combination of roles enacted by the same person (tends to shape wardrobes)
Term
What are the 2 types of role clusters?
Definition
-Compatible role cluster
-Incompatible role cluster
Term
Compatible role cluster:
Definition
Combination of roles approved by society

Female, mother, wife, girl scout leader, etc
Term
What are ways to reduce inter-role conflict?
Definition
-Change locations to change roles
-Often change dress as we change roles
-If you cannot change dress, wear the dress of the most important role
Term
Incompatible role cluster:
Definition
Combination of roles NOT approved by society

Make a definite effort to change dress when changing roles

-Mother/prostitute
-Minister/Drug dealer
Term
Restrictions to role adoption
Definition
intirinsic restrictions
moral restrictions
organic restrictions
cultivation and socialization
Term
Intrinsic Restrictions
Definition
lack of resources (don't hate the money or materials)
Term
Moral Restrictions
Definition
Would like to adopt a role but the value system says it isn't right
Term
Organic restrictions
Definition
Your body doesn't fit the role (supermodels, body builer, Hooters, Playboy, Jockey)
Term
Cultivation and socialization
Definition
Lack of knowledge on how to carry out a role
Term
Role embracement
Role Distance
Definition
Role embracement: Close attachment to role

Role Distance: Lack of inner identification with role
Term
Lifestyle
Definition
Dominant pattern of roles and activities frequently performed by a person
Term
Dimension for describing a lifestyle:
Definition
Role cluster
discretionary activites (what you do in your free time)
Focus on central life interests (work, family, social- activites, etc.)
Shaped by social and economic factors (income, amt. of education, geographic location)
Term
Why focus on lifestyles?
Definition
Consumers choose products, including items of "dress" consistent with their lifestyles

Market segmentation: lifestyle segmentation
Term
According to Sheldon, a very muscular type of body form is classified as:
Definition
Mesomorphic
Term
What are examples of Dress?

Plastic surgery
accessories
dresses, jeans
All of the Above
Definition
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
A woman goes to a party where some friends tease her about gaining weight. Based on this review, she joins Weight Watchers to lose the extra 30 pounds. She probably experienced ______ and _______ at the party?
Definition
Reduced self esteem
Challege of self
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