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Apologia Biology Module 5
Vocabulary from module 5: The Chemistry of Life
25
Biology
10th Grade
05/29/2012

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Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
Model
Definition
An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen
Term
Element
Definition
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
Term
Molecules
Definition
Chemicals that result from atoms linking together
Term
Physical Change
Definition
A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
Concentration
Definition
A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
Term
Semipermeable membrane
Definition
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through bu does not allow other molecules to pass through
Term
Osmosis
Definition
The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration
Term
Catalyst
Definition
A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process
Term
Organic Molecule
Definition

A molecule that contains:

   1. carbon

AND

   2. any of the following: 

  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulfur
  • Phosphorous
Term
Biosynthesis
Definition
The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones.
Term
Isomers
Definition
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Term
Dehydration Reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Term
Saturated Fat
Definition
A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms
Term
Unsaturated Fat
Definition
A lipd made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules
Term
Phase
Definition
On of three forms (solid, liquid or gas) which every substance is capable of attaining.
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
Lacking any affinity to water
Term
Peptide Bond
Definition
A bond that links amino acids together in a protein
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