Term
| What are the main Functions of blood? |
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Definition
a.Transport of O2 to the body tissues
b.Facilitates transport of nutrients to cells and waste from cells, including CO2.. (CO2 will lower blood pH if left in system)
c.Defense against microorganism
d.Maintains homeostasis (ph & temp) |
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Term
| What is the volume of blood in the human body? |
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Definition
| 71 ml per kg of body weight (5000 ml in males) |
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Term
| Makes up 55% of blood’s volume - fluid fraction of blood (IS COMPOSED OF 90% WATER, 10% SOLUTE) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the TWO types of solutes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large organic molecules suspended in solution (food molecules, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, organic waste products and important plasma proteins. Plasma proteins contribute to overall blood viscosity, as well as to osmotic pressure, volume and pressure of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| small inorganic molecules that are dissolved in solution (ex. Electrolytes) |
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Term
| Plasma proteins are grouped into different sections. What are they called? and what percentage do they make up? |
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Definition
a.Albumins (60% of plasma proteins)
b.Globulins (35% of plasma proteins) Include modified globulins, (immunoglobulins), are antibodies that attack foreign proteins and pathogens.
c.Fibrinogen (5% of plasma proteins) |
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Term
| Name the steps involved in the completion of the coagulation process. |
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Definition
| blood clotting involves prothrombin (an inactive proenzyme), which converts into thrombin, (an active enzyme), this in turn converts fibrinogen to insoluble strands of fibrin which makes up the basis of clot. |
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Term
| __% of plasma proteins including most globulins are made in the ________, therefore, _______ problems can cause bleeding. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ make up 45% of blood’s volume, includes cells and cell fragments. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Mature RBC have no nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Erythroyctes are ___microns in diameter. |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythroyctes are ________ in shape. This permits deformability/can be twisted and bent without damage. This is controlled by ____________ PGE1, (in the lipid family) |
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Definition
| biconcave, prostaglandin PGE1 |
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Term
| Where are RBCs derived from? |
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Definition
| RBCs are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow. |
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Term
| What is the difference between males and females in the amount of RBC per micro liter? |
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Definition
male = 1 micro liter contains 4.5-6.3 million RBC’s
female = 1 micro liter contains 4.2-5.5 million RBC’s |
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Term
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Definition
Hemotocrit is % volume of whole blood that consists of RBCs.
females=42%, males= 46%. |
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Term
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Definition
Anything below 12g/100ml hemoglobin is anemia.
. Any condition which seriously compromises the O2 carrying capacity of blood. |
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Term
True or False?
Anemia is determined only by the amount of RBCs present. |
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Definition
False.
Anemia is also categorized by size of RBC as well as by number. |
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Term
| A reduced # of RBCs with normal size (caused by sudden loss of blood) |
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Definition
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Term
| Is caused by a reduced # of RBCs but large in size (caused by chronic bleeding; slow loss, like in chronic bleeding in GI tract. Ulcer) |
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Definition
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Term
| Is caused by a reduced # of RBCs but large in size (caused by chronic bleeding; slow loss, like in chronic bleeding in GI tract. Ulcer) |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of anemia, the number of RBCs are the same but cell size is smaller (Ex: sickle cell anemia- is a genetic trait) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of Iron in Hemoglobin ? |
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Definition
| Iron is found in the center of hemoglobin, if not present, cannot absorb 02 (causes tiredness). |
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Term
| What is the medical term for RBC Formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Erythropoiesis take place? |
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Definition
| This occurs in tissue called myeloid tissue, (found in red bone marrow), found in limited amount in the proximal epiphysis, (closed growth plate of long bones), of humerus and femur. Also found in sternum, skull and vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural destruction of RBCs. |
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Term
| Fragmentation of RBCs occurs in the capillaries of small arteries 1( _____and ______). After this occurs, these fragments undergo 2___________ ___________, which occurs in the lining of blood vessels. These cells 3( __________) perform phagacytosis (surround fragments and transport them to the liver). |
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Definition
1. lungs and spleen
2. reticuloendothial phagacytosis
3. reticuloendotheliocytes |
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Term
| How long is the lifespan of RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
RBCs homeostasis is a controlled_________ feedback loop.
(a)negative
(b)positive |
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Definition
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Term
| An increase of ________ in myeloid tissue in bone marrow will increase RBCs to normal levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| If RBC #’s are decreased (caused by bleeding) or if tissue hypoxia occurs, (decrease of normal level of O2) it would cause an increase of secretion of _____, which is actually erythropoietin (EPO), this is secreted by the kidneys |
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Definition
| erythrocyte stimulating factor (ESF) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
There are less RBCs than WBCs. |
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Definition
False.
(There are less WBCs than RBCs); (5,000-10,000 per cubic milliliter) |
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Term
| What is the life span of a WBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Function of WBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the elimination of WBCs? |
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Definition
| *ELIMINATION-uncertain but is phagocytic |
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Term
True or False?
Granulocytes have a spherical shaped nucleus. |
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Definition
False.
Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm (coarse), irregular shaped nucleus (not spherical) |
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Term
True or False?
65% of WBC’s are called neutrophils because they are neutral for acid and basic stains. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the characteristics of Neutrophils? |
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Definition
*Nucleus is 4 lobules; polynucleus or polymorphonuclear
*Cytoplasm stains lavender (purple) and granular
*Function is phagocytic (engulf bacteri |
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Term
| Eosinophils/acidophils compose ___% of WBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Characteristics of Eosinophils/acidophils ? |
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Definition
*Nucleus is bi- lobed
*Cytoplasm stains pink to orange red; has many large granules
*Function is detoxification and defense of large multicellular parasites
*They are increased in allergic reactions |
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Term
| Basophils make up __% of all WBCs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the characteristics of Basophils. |
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Definition
*Nucleus is not visible
*Cytoplasm is coarse and stains dark blue
* Produce Heparin |
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Term
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Definition
| Heparin is a natural occurring anticoagulant keeps blood from clotting |
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Term
| __________ will go to sites of injury and will attract WBCs to area |
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Definition
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Term
| These are nongranular (homogenous) cytoplasm |
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Definition
Agranulocytes, and include:
. monocytes
. Lymphocytes |
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Term
| These compose 25% of all WBCs and are smallest (same size as RBC) type of agranulocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Lymphocytes? |
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Definition
*Nucleus is a large spherical shape (occupies most of cell volume)
*Cytoplasm stains pale blue
*Formed in lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes and spleen)
*Function is antibody formation |
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Term
(Antibodies)
Cellular immunity /co-ord of immune responses. |
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Definition
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Term
(Antibodies)
humoral immunity-fluid/semi-fluid found in the body (attack foreign antigens) |
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Definition
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Term
(Antibodies)
Contain anticancer functions |
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Definition
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Term
| Monocytes compose _% of WBCs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of monocytes? |
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Definition
Monocytes-(6% of WBCs, and largest)
*Nucleus has distinct cleft (horseshoe or kidney shaped)
*Cytoplasm stains pale blue
*Function as macrophage (phagacytosis (cell eating), and they bring in other WBCs to area. |
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Term
| THROMBOCYTES AKA-1_________ are Cell fragments that come from 2___________, which are large cells that break down to become platelets (*produced in myeloid tissue) (red bone marrow) and then fragmented in the capillaries of the lungs and spleen. |
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Definition
1. Platelets
2. megakaryocytes |
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Term
| Platelets are activated within _ to _ secs after injury to form coagulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| -HEMOSTASIS (MAINTENANCE OF CONSTANT BLOOD VOLUME) is performed by ________ and ____________ (like a prostaglandin) function by controlling vaso- constriction and vaso- dilation (increase or decrease blood flow). |
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Definition
1.prostaglandin
2.thromboxane |
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Term
True or False?
Genetic traits are A, B, O and RH. Used in typing of blood and have indicators on them called antigens, except “RH”, they do not have any antigens. These antigens are present on RBC membranes. |
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Definition
False.
type "o" does not have antigens. |
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Term
True or False.
A & B are dominant to O. If one parent is A, and the other is O, A will be dominant. |
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Definition
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Term
| What blood type is also know as the "Universal Recipient"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which blood type is known as the "Universal Donor"? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
RH Factor- RH+ is dominant over RH-. RH is named from experiments using rhesus monkey to learn blood typing. |
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Definition
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Term
Plasma does not normally contain RH antibodies, they appear only in RH- individual after RH+ enters the blood stream. This can happen in a blood transfusion or during pregnancy. If a RH- mother carries an RH+ child, RH+ blood can enter the mother’s blood stream in miscarriage or placental breakdown prior to delivery. Mother then develops antibodies to RH+. If second pregnancy involves an RH+ child, mother’s antibodies can cross placental barrier. This may kill the fetus.
What is the name of this condition? |
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Definition
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Note: Give mother “Rogan” (RhoGAM), within 72 hours of delivery to prevent this immune response from occurring. |
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