Shared Flashcard Set

Details

APHG Unit 3 Flash Cards
frayer flash cards
81
Geography
11th Grade
10/19/2010

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acid Deposition
Definition

Definition: The accumulation of acids or acidic compounds on the surface of the Earth, in lakes or streams, or on objects or vegetation near the Earth's surface, as a result of their separation from the atmosphere

 

Characteristics: Acids, water, earth

 

Example: Acidic water

 

Nonexample: Radioactive waste

Term
Acid Precipitation
Definition

Definition: Precipitation abnormally high in sulfuric and nitric acid content that is caused by atmospheric pollutants.

 

Characteristics: Water, Acid, Atmosphere

 

Examples: Acid Rain

 

Nonexamples: Tap water

Term
Active Solar Energy Systems
Definition

Definition: A system designed to convert solar radiation into usable energy for space, water heating, or other uses. It requires a mechanical device, usually a pump or fan, to collect the sun's energy.

 

Characteristics: Conversion, Sun

 

Example: Solar Panels

 

Nonexample: Electricity

Term
Agglomeration
Definition

Defenition: A concentration of services clustered together; the lower the cost of production (firms have competing multiple suppliers, greater specialization and division of labor result) and the greater the market that the firm can sell into.

 

Characteristics: Production, Market, Low-cost workers

 

Example: Chinese Workers

 

NonExample: American Workers

Term
Air Pollution
Definition

Defenition:

The addition of harmful chemicals to the atmosphere. The most serious air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, especially in internal-combustion engines.

 

Characteristics: Chemicals, atomosphere, pollution

 

Example: Global Warming

 

NonExample: Fresh Air

Term
Biodiversity
Definition
Defenition:
The number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region.

Characteristics:
Organisms, spacial region

Example:
Forest

NonExample:
Sunflower feild
Term
Biomass Fuel
Definition

Defenition:

living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production.

 

Characteristics:

dead, matter, fuel

 

Example:

Oil

 

NonExample:

Water

Term
Break-of-bulk point
Definition

Defenition:

The point at which a cargo is unloaded and broken up into smaller units prior to delivery, minimizing transport costs. This frequently happens at waterfront sites where imports are often processed to cut costs.

 

Characteristics:

cargo, units, seperation

 

Example:

Dock

 

NonExample:

UPS

Term
Breeder Reactor
Definition

Defenition:

A nuclear reactor that produces as well as consumes fissionable material, especially one that produces more fissionable material than it consumes

 

Characteristics:

nuclear reactor, production

 

Example:

 

 

NonExample:

Microwave

 

Term
Bulk-gaining industry
Definition

Defenition:

making something that gains volume or weight during production

 

Characteristics:

heavy, increased weight

 

Example:

Cement

 

NonExample:

Swimming Pool

Term
Bulk-reducing industry
Definition

Defenition:

making something that looses volume or weight during production

 

Characteristics:

production, decreased weight

 

Example:

 

NonExample:

Cement

Term
Chlorofluorocarbon
Definition

Defenition: any of several volatile, inert, saturated compounds of carbon, fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen: used as refrigerants, foam-blowing agents, solvents, and, formerly, as aerosol propellants until scientists became concerned about depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer.

 

Characteristics:

compounds of carbon, fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen

 

Example:

Green houses gas

 

NonExample:

Water

 

 

Term
Comparative Advantage
Definition

Defenition: the ability of an individual or group to carry out an economic activity, such as production, at a lower cost and more efficiently than another entity

 

Characteristics:

economics, low cost, efficienncy

 

Example:

Sweat Shops

 

NonExample:

Robots

Term
Conservation
Definition

the careful utilization of a natural resource in order to prevent depletion

 

characeristics-

careful, natural resource

 

example-

solar energy

 

nonexample-

fossil fuel

Term
Consumer Goods
Definition

goods that are ready for consumption in satisfaction of human wants, as clothing or food, and are not utilized in any further production

 

characterisitics-

production, items, goods

 

example-

cars

 

nonexample-

the sun

Term
Cottage industry
Definition

                the production, for sale, of goods at home, as the making of handicrafts by rural families.

 

Characteristics-

Goods, home, sale, rural

 

Example-

Yard sale

 

Nonexample-

walmart

Term
Dependency Theory
Definition

the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

 

characteristics-

resources, travel, poor to rich, goods

 

example-

blood diamonds

 

nonexample-

water

:

Term
Development
Definition

A process of economic growth, in which a country tries to improve their level of material wealth through the diffusion and realization of resources. 

 

Characteristics-

Growth, economics, materials, improvement

 

Example-

City

 

Nonexample-

Premative times

 

Term
Ecotourism
Definition

Tourism involving travel to areas of natural or ecological interest, typically under the guidance of a naturalist, for the purpose of observing wildlife and learning about the environment.

 

Characteristics-

Travel, natural, ecological, wildlife, tourists

 

Examples-

Africa Safari

 

Nonexamples-

New York City Zoo

Term
Energy Consumption
Definition

The level of demand a given country puts on resources available in the world to crate energy. 

 

Characteristics-

Demand, desired resources, energy

 

Examples-

Fossil fuels

 

Nonexample-

water

Term
Enfranchisement
Definition
to grant a franchise to; admit to citizenship, esp. to the right of voting.

Characteristics-
Franchise, admission, given rights

Examples-
Voting at the age of 18

Nonexample-
Revoking a license
Term
Entrepot
Definition

a commercial center where goods are received for distribution, transshipment, or repackaging

 

characteristics-

goods, distributuion, commercial center

 

example-

UPS

 

Nonexample-

mall

Term
Fission
Definition

Also called nuclear fission. Physics. the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into nuclei of lighter atoms, accompanied by the release of energy

 

Characteristics-

Splitting, atoms, nuclei, energy, release

 

Example-

Nuclear Fission

 

Nonexample-

Isotopes

Term
Footloose industry
Definition

Industry that can be sited in any of a number of places, often because transport costs are unimportant. Such industries may have raw materials that are commonly available, for example a bakery

 

Characteristics-

Common, industry, unrare, goods

 

Example-

Bakery

 

Nonexample-

Specialty shop

Term
Fordist
Definition

he system formulated in Henry Ford's automotive factories, in which workers work on a production line, performing specialized tasks repetitively

 

characteristics-

automechanincs, tasks, factory

 

example-

production line

 

nonexample-

 

Term
Foreign direct investment
Definition

investing in United States businesses by foreign citizens (often involves stock ownership of the business) 

 

characteristics-

invest, foreign citizen, u.s. based business

 

example-

investing in Subway

 

nonexample-

investing in Suzuki

Term
Fossil fuel
Definition

any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of former life.

 

Characteristics-

Organic, materials, dead matter

 

Example-

Biomass

 

Nonexample-

plastic

Term
Four Asian Tigers
Definition

The term Four Asian Tigers or Asian Tigers refers to the highly industrialized economies of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. These regions were noted for maintaining exceptionally high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s and 1990s. In the 21st century, all four tigers became advanced economies and high-income economies.

 

Characteristics-

Instrialized economies, asian, high growth rates, rapid industrilazation, advanced economies

 

Example-

Asian Tigers

 

Nonexample-

U.S.

Term
Fusion
Definition
Defenition: Characteristics: Example: NonExample:
Term
Gender empowerment index
Definition

is a measure of inequalities between men's and women's opportunities in a country. It combines inequalities in three areas: political participation and decision making, economic participation and decision making, and power over economic resources.

 

Characteristics-

Inequality, male to female, inopportunity

 

Example-

Construction

 

Nonexample-

teaching

Term
Geothermal energy
Definition

energy obtained from within the earth, originating in its core; also, energy produced by extracting the earth's internal heat and turning it into other energy (mechanical or electric)

 

characteristics-

energy, earth core, internal heat

 

example-

MELTING core

 

Nonexample-

Solar panel

Term
Global warming
Definition

an increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect

 

characteristics-

earth, average, atmospheric, temperature, climate, greenhouse, effect

 

example-

Green House Gases

 

Nonexample-

Basketball

Term
Greenhouse effect
Definition

an atmospheric heating phenomenon, caused by short-wave solar radiation being readily transmitted inward through the earth's atmosphere but longer-wavelength heat radiation less readily transmitted outward, owing to its absorption by atmospheric carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and other gases; thus, the rising level of carbon dioxide is viewed with concern.

 

Characteristics-

Atmosphere, heat, radiation, transmittion

 

Example-

Global Warming

 

Nonexample-

Sunshine

Term
Gross Domestic Product
Definition

The total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period.

 

Characteristics-

Total, market, valuem goods, service

 

Example-

Prices

 

Nonexample-

Amount of goods and services

Term
Gross National Product
Definition

the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced by a country during one year in side and outside of its borders.

 

 

Characteristics-

Total, monetary, value, final, goods and services

 

Example-

 

Nonexample-

Gross Domestic Product

 

Term
Half Life
Definition

the time required for one half the atoms of a given amount of a radioactive substance to disintegrate

 

characteristics-

time, atoms, half, radioactive, substance

 

example-

Uranium

 

Nonexample-

Water

Term
Human Development index
Definition

The Human Development Index (HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, and GDP per capita for countries worldwide

 

Characteristics-

Measures, life, expectancy, educational attainment

 

Example-

Distribution Model

 

Nonexample-

Green House Gases

 

Term
Hydroelectric Power
Definition

form of energy generated by the conversion of free-falling water to electricity; the generation of electricity by using the motive power of water

 

characteristics-

energy, conversion, electricity, generation, power, water

 

example-

Water Power

 

Nonexample-

Solar power

Term
Industrial Location Theory
Definition

A model of industrial location proposed by A. Weber (1909, trans. 1929), which assumes that industrialists choose a least-cost location for the development of new industry

 

Characteristics-

Model, industrial

 

Example-

  1. Weber

 

Nonexample-

 

Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition

the totality of the changes in economic and social organization that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments

 

characteristics-

economic, social, change, industrial

 

example-

big factories

 

nonexample-

farms

Term
Infanticide
Definition

the practice of killing newborn infants

 

characteristics-

kill, newborn

 

example-

Abortion

 

Nonexample-

pediacare

Term
Infrastructure
Definition

the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools.

 

Characteristics-

Facilities, city, area

 

Example-

School

 

Nonexample-

Individual home

Term
The ‘New International division of labor’
Definition

 

The phenomena of the last 40 years of LDCs being centers for manufacturing goods for market in MDCs and MDCs creating wealth through investment in LDCs. 

 

Characteristics-

LDC, manufactoring, wealth, investment

 

Example-

China

 

Nonexample-

Denmark

Term
International Monetary Fund
Definition

 

an international organization that promotes the stabilization of the world's currencies and maintains a monetary pool from which member nations can draw in order to correct a deficit in their balance of payments: a specialized agency of the United Nations.

 

Characteristics-

Organization, currency

 

Example-

United nations

 

Non example-

Welfare

Term
Just in time delivery
Definition

an inventory strategy that reduces in-process inventory, waste, and eliminates the costs of warehousing inventory. 

Characteristics-

Strategy, reduction, inventory, waste, cost

 

Example-

UPS

 

Nonexample-

email

Term
Labor intensive industry
Definition

Labor Intensive Industry refers to that industry which requires substantial amount of human labor to produce the industrial products

 

Chacteristics-

Human, labor, production

 

Example-

Sweatshops

 

Nonexample-

electronics

Term
Less developed country
Definition

Countries with a  poorly developed industrial base and poor indicators of social and economic development.

 

Characteristics-

Country, poor, low development

 

Example-

Subsaharan africa

 

Nonexample-

United States

Term
Literacy rate
Definition

Percentage of a given population that can read and write.

 

Characteristics-

Reading, writing, percentage

 

Example-

Average students in school

 

Nonexample-

Brain drain

Term
Manufacturing
Definition

The process of creating a product for sale.

 

Characteristics-

Production, goods, sales

 

Example-

Factory

 

Nonexample-

beach

 

Term
Maquiladora
Definition

An assembly plant in Mexico, especially one along the border between the United States and Mexico, to which foreign materials and parts are shipped and from which the finished product is returned to the original market.

 

Characteristics-

Mexican, plant, shipment, materials, foreign

 

Example-

US factories in Mexico

 

Nonexample-

Matel

Term
market area
Definition

The space in which a company intends to sell their product. 

 

Characters-

Product, placement

 

Example-

Verizon company-verizon store

 

Nonexample-

Yard sale

Term
More developed country
Definition

Countries with a well developed industrial base and high indicators of social and economic development.

 

Characteristics-

Well development, industrial base, social, economic

 

Example-

United States

 

Nonexample-

Cambodia

Term
NAFTA
Definition

North American Free Trade Agreement reduces trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 

 

Characteristics-

Program, reduction

 

Example-

Sanction

 

Nonexample-

Free Trade

Term
Nonrenewable energy
Definition

Energy sources which cannot be recreated once expended.

 

Characteristics-

Energy, sources, unreuseable

 

Example-

Oil

 

Nonexample-

Wind power

Term
OPEC
Definition

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; an organization in which global exporters of petroleum which cooperate to maintain appropriate levels of petroleum to meet demand and stabilize the price of that commodity.

 

Characteristics-

Organization, petroleum, exporting, countries

 

Example-

Petroleum Exports

 

Nonexample-

Uranium exports

 

Term
Outsourcing
Definition

to obtain goods or services from an outside source (particularly from MDC to LDCs)

 

characteristics-

obtaining, goods, services

 

example-

International exports

 

Nonexample-

Importing goods

Term
Ozone
Definition

a form of oxygen, O3, with a peculiar odor suggesting that of weak chlorine, produced when an electric spark or ultraviolet light is passed through air or oxygen. It is found in the atmosphere in minute quantities, esp. after a thunderstorm, is a powerful oxidizing agent, and is thus biologically corrosive. In the upper atmosphere, it absorbs ultraviolet rays, thereby preventing them from reaching the surface of the earth.

 

Characteristics-

Atmosphere, prevention of ultraviolet rays

 

Example-

Green house affect

 

Nonexample-

Rainy day

Term
Passive solar energy systems
Definition
Passive solar technologies are means of using sunlight for useful energy without use of active mechanical systems

Characteristics-
Nonmechanical, use of energy, sunlight

Example-
Solar panels

Nonexample-
Nuclear plant
Term
Petroleum
Definition

A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the Earth's surface

 

Characteristics-

Hydrocarbons, natural, beneath, earth

 

Example-

Mixture

 

Nonexample-

Compound

Term
Post-Fordist
Definition

the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century

 

characteristics-

economic production, consumption and socio-econmic phenomena, before the industrial revolution

 

example-

 

 

nonexample-

assembly line

Term
Primary sector
Definition

The manufacturing industries that aggregate, pack, package, purify or process the raw materials close to the primary producers include agriculture, agribusiness, fishing, forestry and all mining and quarrying industries.

 

Characteristics-

Manufactor, industry, purification, process, materials

 

Example-

Process plant

 

Nonexample-

Grocery store

Term
Productivity
Definition

A measure of efficiency of the production of goods and services having exchange value.

 

Characteristics-

Efficient, production, goods, services

 

Example-

Creativity

 

Nonexample-

Standing still

Term
Purchasing power parity
Definition

An adjustment of the value of currency in terms of the goods they can buy.

 

Characteristics-

Currency, value, goods

 

Example-

Inflation

 

Nonexample-

Gross Domestic Product

Term
Radioactivity
Definition

the phenomenon, exhibited by and being a property of certain elements, of spontaneously emitting radiation resulting from changes in the nuclei of atoms of the element.

 

Characteristics-

Emittin, radiation, nuclei, atom, element

 

Example-

Radiation

 

Nonexample-

Nuetral Atoms

Term
Raw materials
Definition

A raw material is something that is acted upon or used by organisms, or by human labor or industry, for use as a building material to create some product or structure

 

Characteristics-

Organisms, material, raw

 

Example-

Sand

 

Nonexample-

plastic

Term
Recycling
Definition

to treat or process (used or waste materials) so as to make suitable for reuse

 

characteristics-

reuse, materials

 

example-

Paper

 

Nonexample-

Oil

Term
Secondary sector
Definition

This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers

 

Characteristics-

Output, manufactors, goods, busniesses, consumer

 

Example-

UPS

 

Nonexample-

Primary sector

Term
Self-sufficiency
Definition

Self-sufficiency refers to the state of not requiring any outside aid, support, or interaction, for survival;

 

Characteristics-

Non-requiring, no aid, independent

 

Example-

Independent

 

Nonexample-

dependent

Term
Site factors
Definition

Availability of land, labor, and capital. 

 

Characteristics-

Available, land, labor, capital

 

Example-

Open field

 

Nonexample-

city

Term
Situation factors
Definition

The associated costs of shipping materials to and from a factory. 

 

Characteristics-

Shipping, cost, materials

 

Example-

Ground Shipping

 

Nonexample-

GPS

Term
Structural adjustment program
Definition

economic policies which countries must follow in order to qualify for new World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans and help them make debt repayments on the older debts owed to commercial banks, governments and the World Bank.

 

Characteristics-

Economic, policy, countries, debt

 

Example-

International Monetary Fund

 

Nonexample-

Welfare

Term
Tertiary sector
Definition
Tertiary sector of economy involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest control or entertainment

Characteristics-
Economy, services, business, consumers

Example-
Mall

Nonexample-
Secondary Sector
Term
Textile
Definition

any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting

 

Characteristics-

Cloth

 

Example-

Cotton

 

Nonexample-

Leather

Term
Threshold/range
Definition

The distance a good can travel from the point of production or distribution and still be useful. 

 

Characteristics-

Travel, good, distance

 

Example-

Parishable

 

Nonexample-

Beach

Term
Trading bloc
Definition

A trade bloc is a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. Typically trade pacts that define such a bloc specify formal adjudication bodies

 

Characteristics-

Free trade area

 

Example-

 

 

Nonexample-

Black Friday

Term
Value added
Definition

refers to the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production

 

characteristics-

additional, commodity

 

example-

production fee

 

nonexample-

sale

Term
World Systems Theory
Definition

Immanuel Wallerstein, a leading advocate of the approach, uses the same terminology. He characterizes the world system as a set of mechanisms which redistributes resources from the periphery to the core. In his terminology, the core is the developed, industrialized, democratic part of the world, and the periphery is the underdeveloped, raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world; the market being the means by which the core exploits the periphery.

 

Characteristics-

Core, development, rich, poor

 

Example-

Prediction

 

NonExample-

Outcome

 

Term
World Bank
Definition

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides financial and technical assistance] to developing countries for development programs (e.g. bridges, roads, schools, etc.) with the stated goal of reducing poverty

 

Characteristics-

Finance, institution, aid, developing countries

 

Example-

Economic Aid

 

Nonexample-

Welfare

Term
World Trade Organization
Definition

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments

 

Characteristics-

Global, international, organization, trade

 

Example-

United nations

 

Nonexample-

war

Term
Definition
Defenition: Characteristics: Example: NonExample:
Supporting users have an ad free experience!