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| When separate major metropolitan complexes of whatever size expand along the superior transportation facilities connecting them, they may eventually meet, bind together at their outer margins, and create the extensive metropolitan regions. |
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| Refers to a large-scale functional entity, perhaps containing several urbanized areas, discontinuously built up but nonetheless operating as an integrated economic whole. |
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| Refers to a continuously built up landscape defined by building and population densities with no reference to political boundaries. |
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| Implies in a subsidiary area, a functionally specialized segment of a dential, industrial, or commercial, but by the specialization of its land uses and functions, a suburb is not self-sufficiant. |
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| Large urban centers that are conrol points for international production, marketing, and finance. |
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| Is a city that is far more than twice the size of the second-ranked city. In fact, there may be no obvious "second city" at all; a characteristic of a primate city hierarchy is one very large city, few or no intermediate-sized cities, and many subordinate smaller settlements. |
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| German geographer (1893-1969). In 1933, he attempted to explain those observed regularities of size, location, and interdependence of settlements. He recognized that his central place theory could best be visualized in rather idealized, simplified circumstances. |
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| Assumed correct propostions of the Central Place Theory (Walter Christaller) |
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1. Towns that provide the surrounding countryside with such fundamental goods as groceries and clothing would develop on a uniform plain with no topographic barriers, channelization of traffic, or variations in farm productivity.
2. The farm population would be dispersed in an even pattern across that plain.
3. The characteristics of the people would be uniform; that is, they would possess similar tastes, demands, and incomes.
4. Each kind of product or service available to the dispersed population would have its own threshold, or minimum number of consumers needed to support its supply. Because such goods as sports cars or fur coats are either expensive or not in great demand, they would have a high threshold. whereas a fewer number of customers within smaller tributary areas would be needed to support a small grocery store.
5. Consumers would purchase goods and services form the nearest oppurtunity (store or supplier). |
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| The areas outside of a city that are still affected by it. As the distance away from a community increases, its influence on the surrounding countryside decreases (distance decay). |
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| Developed to explain the sociological patterning of American cities in the 1920's, sees the urban community as a set of nested rings. It recognizes four concentric circles of mostly residential diversity at increasing distance in all direcions from the wholesaling, wharehousing, and light industry border of the high-density CBD core. |
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| Concerns itself with patterns of housing and wealth, but it arrives at the conclusion that high-rent residential areas are dominant in city expansion and grow outward from the center of the city along major arterials. |
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| Maintains that large cities develop by peripheral spread from several nodes of growth, not just one. Individual nodes of special function-commercial, industrial, port, residential-are originally developed in response to the benefits accruing from the spatial association of like activities. Peripheral expansion of the separate nuclei eventually leads to coalescence and the meeting of incompatible land uses along the lines of juncture. The urban land use pattern, therefore, is not regularly structured from a single center in a sequence of circles or a series of sectors but based on separately expanding clusters of contrasting activites. |
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| Is the most rapidly urbanizing world region and is expected to have an urban majority by about 2030. |
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| An observed regularity in the city-size distribution of some countries. In a rank-size hierarchy, the population of any given town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy; that is, the nth-ranked city will be 1/n the size of the largest city. |
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| The manufacturing and service activities performed by the basic sector of a city's labor force; functions of a city performed to satisfy demands external to the city itself and, in that performance, earning income to support the urban population |
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