Term
This definition of aphasia suggests:
- Aphasia is a single (uni-dimensional) disorder
-Different "types" don't exist |
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Definition
| Non-Typological definition of Aphasia |
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Term
This definition suggests:
-Aphasia is Multi-dimensional with different types (eg syndromes) |
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Definition
| Typological definition of APhasia |
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Term
This definition of aphasia suggests:
- aphasia is based on cognitive impairments
- explicitly reference impaired cog processes underlying language
- Works well with Alexias and Agraphias |
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Definition
| Cognitive Definition of APhasia |
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Term
This definition of aphasia suggests:
- approach to aphasia not as an individual, but as belonging to society
- serves to broaden assessment and TX to include social roles |
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Definition
| Social Definition of Aphasia |
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Term
| Zone of Language (Perisylvian Zone) |
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Definition
| What is the region of the left hemisphere responsible for language called? |
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Term
| Zone of Language/Perisylvian Zone should NOT be considered "what"? |
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Definition
| Should NOT be considered a "center" for language--- actually, a CRITICAL COMPONENT of several overlapping neural networks throughout the brain |
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Term
| What subcortical "white matter pathways" connect Wernicke's and Broca's areas? |
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Definition
| The arcuate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus connect BUT pass through the angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus (where par and temp lobes come together) |
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Term
| The Zone of Language (Perisylvian Zone) is located withing the distribution of which cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| ZofL is located within MCA and surrounds the sylvian fissure on the lateral surface and incorporates frontal, parietal, AND temporal lobes |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: motor programming for artic |
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Definition
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: activation of muscles for artic |
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Definition
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: transmission of linguistic info to anterior areas from the posterior |
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Definition
| Arcuate Fasciculus of the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: transmission of linguistic info to anterior areas from the posterior |
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Definition
| Arcuate Fasciculus of the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: comprehension of oral/spoken language |
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Definition
| Wernicke's Area in the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: integrating visual/auditory and tactile info and carry out symbolic integration for reading |
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Definition
| Angular Gyrus of the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: the symbolic integration for writing |
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Definition
| Supramarginal gyrus of the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: the transmission of info between hemispheres |
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Definition
| Corpus Callosum of the ZofL |
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Term
| This component of the ZofL is responsible for: thalamic naming & memory mechanisms, insular, capsular, and striatal language and speech mechanisms |
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Definition
| Subcortical areas of ZofL |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbance of any or all of the skills, associations, and habits of spoken or written language, produced by injury to certain brain areas that are specialized for those functions. |
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Term
| What are common misconceptions of aphasia? |
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Definition
| Dementia (slow onset), schizophrenia (word salad may be confused for fluent aphasia--- evolves and has other thought disorders), apraxia (planning), OR dysarthria (weakness of muscles) |
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Term
| What are patterns of language impairment in aphasia? |
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Definition
| Speech Fluency, paraphasias, auditory comprehension, and repetition |
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Term
| Describe the fluency for non-fluent aphasias... |
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Definition
| Damage to anterior half of left hemisphere-- speak slowly and with great effort pausing between words/syllables. Has measured machine-like quality owing to diminished or absent intonation and stress |
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Term
| Describe the speech fluency chars of a fluent aphasic |
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Definition
| Damage to posterior half of left hemispher and speak smoothly with little effort and manipulate rate/intonation/emphatic stress much like a non-aphasic... words just don't make sense |
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Term
| Which types of aphasia are fluent? |
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Definition
| Wernicke's, conduction, anomic, transcortical sensory aphasia |
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Term
| What types of aphasia are non-fluent? |
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Definition
| Broca's, Global, Transcortical Motor |
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Term
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Definition
Production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during speaking.
Main kinds: phonemic (literal), semantic/verbal, and neologistic. |
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Term
| What is a phonemic (literal) paraphasia? |
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Definition
Phonologic error in which incorrect sounds replace correct ones when sounds w/in words are transposed--
Shooshbrushes, tevelision, poo, etc.
**More than 1/2 the word must be correct |
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Term
| What is a semantic (verbal) paraphasia? |
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Definition
Errors where the target word is substituted by another word.
IE-- using "knife" instead of fork
*replacement must be a real word
*subtypes: related and unrelated |
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Term
| What is a neologistic Paraphasia? |
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Definition
| Errors in which less than half of the target word is produce correctly, in some cases THE ENTIRE WORD |
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Term
| Area of Occlusion for brain damage with Broca's Aphasia |
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Definition
| Occlusion of the anterior branch of the middle cerebral artery |
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Term
| Area of occlusion for brain damage with Wernicke's aphasia |
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Definition
| Occlusion of the posterior branch of the middle cerebral artery |
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Term
| Area of occlusion for brain damage portraying Global Aphasia |
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Definition
| Occlusion of the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery (therefore causing occlusion in BOTH anterior/posterior) |
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Term
| Conduction and Transcortical Aphasias are due to what kind of damage? |
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Definition
| Damage to association tract fibers cause these types of aphasia. |
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Term
| Damage to the arcuate fasciculus causes what type of aphasia? W->B |
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Definition
| Conduction aphasia is caused by damage to what part of the brain? |
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Term
| Damage to the pathways connecting the perisylvian region with OTHER regions due to damage to the border zone results in what type of aphasia? |
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Definition
| Transcortical aphasia is due to damage in this part of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of vision that affects half the visual field of one or both eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
This is an attentional problem to one side, not an actual LOSS of visual field.
Most commonly due to damage to parietal lobe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuro disorder (acq or dev) char by loss of ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful mvmts despite the desire and phys ability (ALL MOTOR PLANNING) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of knowledge; loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells |
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Term
| Right hemisphere comm disorders (extralinguistic) are broken into these four areas... |
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Definition
| 1. Effects on language, 2. social interaction skills, 3. Attn and Perception, and 4. Cog/Thinking skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Denial of illness (could vary from simple understatement to frank denial) |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to perform math computations
Primary - total loss of # concepts
Secondary - defect in calculations |
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Term
| What are the four tiers of aphasia classification differential diagnosis? |
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Definition
| Naming (anomia) -> Fluency -> Auditory Comprehension -> Repetition |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty finding the right word at the right time |
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Term
| what are the major types of anomia? |
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Definition
| word production anomia, word selection anomia, semantic anomia, and disconnection anomia |
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Term
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Definition
| frontal lobe/broca's are... motor problems |
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Term
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Definition
| damage in post/inf portion of temporal lobe... "true" anomia= pt can describe, gesture, write, or draw but can't say AND can recognize once given |
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Term
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Definition
| often assoc with TSA... don't recognize and don't experience tip-of-tongue phenom |
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Term
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Definition
| Category specific (can't name words in specific categories) AND Modality-Specific (can't name in pics but CAN actual thing)... |
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Term
| what are the three main types of paraphasia? |
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Definition
| phonemic, semantic, and neologistic |
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Term
| What is agrammatic speech and what is another term for it? |
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Definition
| Telegraphic speech--- using basic content words but no connecting articles or function words |
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Term
| What is paragrammatic speech? |
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Definition
| Most fluent speech with words but that don't actually make sense |
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Term
| Why is repetition important? |
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Definition
It helps define between different cortical aphasia types...
Conduction APhasia - SIGNIFICANT IMPAIR
Anomic - Rep still intact
Transcortical Aphasia - Rep intact
Broca's/Wernicke's - Poor Rep |
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Term
| which aphasias have Poor comprehension? |
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Definition
| Wernicke's, TSA, and Global (for sure!) |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the ability to read/understand written language |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the ability to write |
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