Term
| What are the 7 areas of deficit? |
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Definition
verbal expression
auditory comprehension
repetition
reading comprehension
writing
gesture
residual language competence |
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Term
| What three things comprise verbal expression? |
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Definition
word retrieval
speech fluency
grammatical structure |
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Term
| T/F: ALL aphasic individuals have word retrieval problems to a degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Not all word retrieval problems signal the presence of aphasia. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 ways to test for anomia? |
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Definition
Tests of confrontational naming
Describing picture scenes
Describing a common activity
Generative naming |
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Term
| How would you ask a client to preform confrontational naming? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a generative naming activity. |
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Definition
| "Name as many animals as you can in a minute." |
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Term
| What are the 6 characteristics of word retrieval difficulties? |
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Definition
slow responses
circumlocutions
paraphasias
convergent problems
divergent problems
reduced variety |
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Term
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Definition
| substitution of an incorrect and unintended word or sound for a correct one |
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Term
| What are the three types of paraphasia? |
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Definition
verbal (global)
literal (phonemic)
neologism |
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Term
| What is a verbal (global) paraphasia? |
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Definition
| SUBSTITUTION OF AN INCORRECT WORD FOR THE INTENDED WORD |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of verbal paraphasias? |
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Definition
semantic
random
perseverative |
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Term
| What is a semantic paraphasia? Provide an example. |
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Definition
substitution of a word from the same semantic field;
keys = car, bed = pillow, table = chair |
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Term
| What is a random paraphasia? Provide an example. |
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Definition
| Substitution of a seemingly unrelated word for the intended word. keys=dog, cup, pillow, etc. |
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Term
| What is a perseverative paraphasia? Provide an example. |
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Definition
| substitution of a previously (correct) for the intended word. |
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Term
| What are literal paraphasias? Provide an example. |
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Definition
SUBSTITUTION OF AN INCORRECT SOUND OR SOUNDS FOR THE INTENDED ONES;
MORE THAN HALF OF THE CORRECT WORD MUST BE PRESERVED; "bencil" knife = "kife" |
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Term
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Definition
| substitution of a new or novel word for the intended word; substitution of incorrect word/ sound such that less than half of original word is preserved |
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Term
| What are convergent problems? |
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Definition
| given a cue or cues, an inability to "converge" upon correct response; a yellow fruit that is long and skinny; narrowing in on one word |
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Term
| What are divergent problems? |
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Definition
| Inability to generate multiple responses to a cue; start at a point and go outward; "i will give you one minute, name as many different animals as you can come up with" |
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Term
| How is speech fluency assessed? |
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Definition
| by measuring the average phrase length in conversational speech; average of three longest meaningful utterances produced in a variety of conditions requiring narrative discourse responses |
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Term
| Give an example of a prompt you might use to asses a client's speech fluency. |
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Definition
ask an open ended question
description of pictures scene ex. cookie theft
response to a question of historical or emotional significance |
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Term
| What are the categories of speech fluency? |
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Definition
| fluent, nonfluent, borderline fluent |
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Term
| What is the definition of fluent speech? |
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Definition
| speech which approximates normal speech in rate, sentence length, melody, and overall ease of speaking |
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Term
| What is the average for fluent speech? |
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Definition
| nine or more words in discourse reponses |
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Term
| What is nonfluent speech? |
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Definition
| speech characterized by a slow rate, effortl production, numerous pauses, short sentences, and an absence of melody |
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Term
| What is the average phrase length of nonfluent speech? |
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Definition
| five or less words in discourse responses |
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Term
| What is the average phrase length for borderline? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| having a grammatical structure, but lacking in meaning; associated with fluency |
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Term
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Definition
| propositional speech consists primarily of substantive words with function words; so no grammatical structure; associated with nonfluency |
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Term
| What is auditory comprehension? |
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Definition
| the ability to decode auditory input |
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Term
| T/F: Auditory comprehension is almost never entirely normal in aphasic individuals. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three things can be assessed for auditory comprehension? |
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Definition
| single words, sentences, paragraphs/ discourse |
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Term
| How can you assess single words? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors influence single words? |
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Definition
word frequency
semantic class |
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Term
| What type of error patterns are associated with single words? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a semantic error? |
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Definition
| error in same semantic class as correct response |
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Term
| What is a phonemic error? |
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Definition
| error similar in sound to correct reponse |
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Term
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Definition
| no apparent pattern to responses |
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Term
| T/F: Less severely aphasic patients may respond well to single words, but may have difficulty in comprehending sentences. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The addition of context can help patients respond better to sentences than single words. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are problems with assessing auditory comprehension with yes/ no questions? |
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Definition
| Client has a 50/50 chance if guessing |
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Term
| In what manner should you always speak to aphasic patients? |
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Definition
| slowly and loudly with frequent pauses for them to process information |
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Term
| What are patterns of auditory comprehension impairment? |
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Definition
retention deficit
information capacity deficit
noise buildup
slow rise time
intermittent auditory imperception |
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Term
| What is retention deficit? |
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Definition
| performance deteriorates as messages increase in length; comp decreases as messages increase |
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Term
| What is information capacity deficit? And how can you try to help compensate for it? |
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Definition
| inability to simultaneously receive and process input; chuck your utterances, add pauses |
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Term
| What is noise buildup? And how can you help compensate? |
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Definition
| performance deteriorates from the beginning to the end of input; give breaks, pauses, use alerters |
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Term
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Definition
| comprehension of later parts of the input, while missing the initial parts |
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Term
| What is intermittent auditory imperception? |
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Definition
| fade in and out with no apparent pattern |
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Term
| Why do the patterns of auditory comprehension matter? |
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Definition
| you can manipulate therapy sessions t maximize outcomes; useful in goal writing and session charting |
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Term
| What does repetition assess? |
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Definition
| auditory integrity, comprehension, motor planning |
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Term
| T/F: Reading tends to be impaired in the same manner as auditory comprehension but to a more severe degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: In general, writing is impaired in the same manner as verbal expression but to a more severe degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of residual language competence? |
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Definition
| recognition that a foreign language is not their native language; discrimination between nonsense and meaningful lang., nounds and verbs on basis of stress, grammatical and ungrammatical sentences |
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Term
| What are associated problems? |
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Definition
emotional liability
defense mechanism
egocentricity
variability and incorrect
distractibility
perseveration |
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Term
| What is emotional liability? |
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Definition
| inappropriate or exaggerated emotional behavior; may take form of laughter, crying, anger, or another form; inappropriate in degree, not context |
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Term
| What are defense or protective mechanisms? |
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Definition
coping behaviors:
withdrawal
euphoria
projection
denial |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive focus on self to exclusion of all others |
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Term
| What is response variability and inconsistency? |
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Definition
| performance varies from day to day, inconsistent |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to screen out extraneous stimuli |
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Term
| T/F: A syndrome is not the invariable result of pathology involving a given site. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the language characteristics of aphasia? |
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Definition
word retrieval
conversational speech,
auditory comp
repetition
reading
writing |
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Term
| T/F: Perisylvian syndromes are mound the best known and most widely accepted of all aphasic syndromes. |
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Definition
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Term
| All the perisylvian syndromes have difficulty with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the damage in borderzone aphasias? |
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Definition
| vascular borderzone between mca and pca/aca arteries |
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Term
| How are nonlocalizing syndromes categorized? |
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Definition
| syndromes that offer no predictable correlation between the clinical picture and pathology locus |
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